The present invention relates to a microorganism variant having the ability to extracellularly produce heme, and more particularly to a metabolically engineered microorganism variant having the ability to extracellularly produce heme and a method of producing heme using the same. According to the present invention, heme, an organometallic compound which is increasingly used as a health food or food supplement for the treatment of porphyria, can be extracellularly secreted and produced in high yield using the microorganism variant, but not conventional chemical synthesis or enzymatic synthesis.

The present invention provides for a genetically modified yeast cell comprising at least six or more of the following modifications: increased expression of Mus musculus fatty acid reductase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase 1, fatty acid synthase 2, a mutant of the bottleneck enzyme encoded by ACC1 insensitive to post-transcriptional and post-translational repression, and/or a desaturase encoded by OLE1, and reduced expression of DGA1, HFD1, ADH6, and/or GDH1. The present invention provides a method for constructing the genetically modified yeast cell, and a method for producing a fatty alcohol from the genetically modified yeast cell.

Control Devices are disclosed including RNA destabilizing elements (RDE), RNA control devices, and destabilizing elements (DE) combined with Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) or other transgenes in eukaryotic cells. Multicistronic vectors are also disclosed for use in engineering host eukaryotic cells with the CARs and transgenes under the control of the control devices. These control devices can be used to optimize expression of CARs in the eukaryotic cells so that, for example, effector function is optimized. CARs and transgene payloads can also be engineered into eukaryotic cells so that the transgene payload is expressed and delivered after stimulation of the CAR on the eukaryotic cell.

Provided is: a transgenic plant that has a modified flower color; a self- or cross-fertilized descendant of the transgenic plant; or a propagule, a portion of a plant body, tissue, or cells from the transgenic plant or the self- or cross-fertilized descendant of the transgenic plant. The present invention causes both anthocyanin delphinidin and a flavone C-glycoside that is methylated at the hydroxyl group at the 7 position to be present in the cells of a plant.

The present invention provides for a mechanism to reduce glycerol production and increase nitrogen utilization and ethanol production of recombinant microorganisms. One aspect of this invention relates to strains of S. cerevisiae with reduced glycerol productivity that get a kinetic benefit from higher nitrogen concentration without sacrificing ethanol yield. A second aspect of the invention relates to metabolic modifications resulting in altered transport and/or intracellular metabolism of nitrogen sources present in corn mash.

Described herein are engineered cells including ones having synthetic methylotrophy which include an NADH-dependent enzyme capable of converting G3P to 3PG (e.g., B. methanolicus gapN) and/or fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, along with hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase, a phosphoketolase, or a combination thereof. Engineered cells of the disclosure beneficially maintain adequate pool sizes of phosphorylated C3 and/or C4 compounds, and/or provide increased levels of NADPH. As such, the modifications allow for the generation of C6 compounds from C1 (e.g., a methanol feedstod) and C5 compounds, the regeneration of C5 compounds from C6 compounds by carbon rearrangement, and an improved balance between regeneration of C5 compounds and lower glycolysis. In turn, this allows the engineered microorganism to generate sufficient quantities of metabolic precursors (e.g., acetyl-CoA) which can be used in a bioproduct pathway, and the engineered cells can include further modifications to those pathway enzymes allowing for production of a desired bioproduct.

The present disclosure relates to a genetically modified microorganism satisfying some of predetermined conditions. The predetermined conditions include: (I) succinate dehydrogenase activity or fumarate reductase activity being reduced or inactivated relative to a wild-type microorganism; (II) lactate dehydrogenase activity being reduced or inactivated relative to the wild-type microorganism; (III) the genetically modified microorganism having modified phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity showing resistance to feedback inhibition by aspartic acid in wild-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, or exogenous phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity having higher resistance to feedback inhibition by aspartic acid than that of the wild-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity shown by the wild-type microorganism; and (IV) pyruvate:quinone oxidoreductase being reduced or inactivated relative to the wild-type microorganism.

The invention relates to methods and bacterial strains for making terpene and terpenoid products, the bacterial strains having improved carbon pull through the MEP pathway and to a downstream recombinant synthesis pathway.

The present application relates to methods to improve biomass or lipid production in a microorganism from one or more fatty acid and one or more simple carbon co-substrates. Produced lipids may include unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates which may be useful as final products or precursors to insect pheromones, fragrances, flavors, and polymer intermediates. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms modified for improved production of biomass or lipid, or improved lipid selectivity. Also provided are methods of producing one or more lipid using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally one or more of the product lipid.

The present disclosure provides compositions and methods used for optogenetics, wherein the composition comprises an optogenetic device and a retinoid processing enzyme.