Described herein are plasmid addiction systems comprising a host cell comprising one or more inactivated host cell essential genes; and a plasmid comprising one or more plasmid essential genes operably linked to a constitutively active promoter. Also described herein are metabolism-based plasmid addiction systems (PAS) comprising a host cell and a plasmid operably linked to a constitutively active promoter for producing value-based products (e.g., 1-butanol) and methods of generating PASs in microorganisms and producing 1-butanol from a PAS in the absence of antibiotics and/or co-inducers.

Disclosed herein are primers for amplifying enone oxidoreductase, having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID Nos. 1 to 13, from mango. Also disclosed herein is a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No. 14 encoding enone oxidoreductase, for enzyme production in an artificial system thus generating the desired flavor in food products.

Genetically engineered cells and microorganisms are provided that produce fatty alcohols from the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, as well as methods of their use.

Disclosed is a recombinant microorganism comprising endogenous enzymes that convert CO and/or CO.sub.2 to acetyl-CoA. The recombinant microorganism contains a heterologous nucleic acid sequence encoding one or more enzymes that allow the conversion of acetyl-CoA to an alkene with a main chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The heterologous nucleic acid sequence comprises one or more coding sequences encoding one or more enzymes that catalyse the conversion of acetyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA, and that further catalyse the conversion of crotonyl-CoA to an alkene; or one or more coding sequences encoding one or more enzymes that catalyse the conversion of acetyl-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA, and that further catalyse the conversion of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA to an alkene; or one or more coding sequences encoding one or more enzymes that catalyse the conversion of acetyl-CoA to propionyl-CoA, and that further catalyse the conversion of propionyl-CoA to an alkene. Each coding sequence is operationally linked to a transcriptional promoter.

Microorganisms and methods of producing n-butyraldehyde with enhanced yields are presented in which a microorganism is engineered to enhance the conversion of a carbon source into n-butyraldehyde. The n-butyraldehyde is recovered by way of a gas stripping process that occurs during the conversion process, providing significantly greater product yield than post-fermentation recovery of n-butyraldehyde alone.

This document describes biochemical pathways for producing 2-aminopimelate from 2,6-diaminopimelate, and methods for converting 2-aminopimelate to one or more of adipic acid, adipate semialdehyde, caprolactam, 6-aminohexanoic acid, 6-hexanoic acid, hexamethylenediamine, or 1,6-hexanediol by decarboxylating 2-aminopimelate into a six carbon chain aliphatic backbone and enzymatically forming one or two terminal functional groups, comprised of carboxyl, amine or hydroxyl group, in the backbone.

In an aspect, the disclosure provides methods for making neurotransmitters in a host organism. The neurotransmitters can be cannabinoids and derivatives of cannabinoids. The host cells can be microalgae, fungi or other host cells. In a related aspect, the disclosure provides host cells engineered to have biochemical pathways for making neurotransmitters such as cannabinoids.

Aspects of the present disclosure are drawn to methods of improving the expression of secreted cuproenzymes from host cells by manipulating the expression level of one or more proteins involved in copper transport in the host cell, e.g., membrane-bound copper transporting ATPases and soluble copper transporters. The present disclosure also provides compositions containing such improved host cells as well as products derived from the improved host cells that contain one or more cuproenzymes of interest.

The invention relates to biotechnology and provides novel recombinant DNA molecules and engineered proteins for conferring tolerance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibitor herbicides. The invention also provides herbicide tolerant transgenic plants, seeds, cells, and plant parts containing the recombinant DNA molecules, as well as methods of using the same.

Disclosed is a method that includes use of a catalyst in a method of reducing a substrate, the method including contacting a substrate with a catalyst, optionally in the presence of a co-substrate, thereby to generate a reduced substrate. The catalyst is a polypeptide including an amino acid sequence having at least 70% identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 7 or SEQ ID NO: 9. In the method the substrate concentration is at least