The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates which may be useful as insect pheromones, fragrances, flavors, and polymer intermediates. The recombinant microorganisms may express enzymes or enzyme variants useful for production of and/or may be modified to downregulate pathways to shunt production toward unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates. The C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates described herein may be used as substrates for metathesis reactions to expand the repertoire of target compounds and pheromones. The application further relates to recombinant microorganisms co-expressing a pheromone pathway and a pathway for the production of a toxic protein, peptide, oligonucleotide, or small molecule suitable for use in an attract-and-kill pest control approach. The application further relates to microorganisms modified to express or downregulate enzymes useful for production of unsaturated short chain fatty alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates which may be useful as insect pheromones, fragrances, flavors, and polymer intermediates. Also provided are methods of producing unsaturated C.sub.6-C.sub.24 fatty alcohols, aldehydes, and acetates using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or optionally one or more of the product alcohols, aldehydes, or acetates.

This disclosure concerns the metabolic engineering of microorganisms to provide biosynthetic methods for the production of insect pheromones and precursors thereof in a scalable and eco-friendly fermentation reaction; for example, by converting saturated or unsaturated substrate feedstocks utilizing exogenous metabolic machinery.

T-DNA for expression of a target gene in a plant, wherein the T-DNA comprises a left and a right border element and at least one expression cassette comprising a promoter, operatively linked thereto a target gene, and downstream thereof a terminator, wherein the length of the T-DNA, measured from left to right border element and comprising the target gene, has a length of at least 30000 bp.

Described herein are engineered metabolic pathways in recombinant microorganism host cells which result in the production of 2-phenylethanol or 2-phenylacetic acid. Also described herein are methods of using the recombinant microorganisms for the production of 2-phenylethanol or 2-phenylacetic acid.

A genetically engineered live bacterium which is adapted to selectively replicate in and colonize a selected tissue type within the mammal, and concurrently produce within the selected tissue type at least one protease-sensitive cytotoxic molecule which is degradable by proteases within the selected tissue type, and at least one protease inhibitor peptide to inhibit the proteases within the selected tissue type from proteolytically degrading the protease sensitive cytotoxic molecule. The combination results in higher concentrations of the cytotoxic molecule local to the colonization, while permitting protease degradation of the cytotoxic molecule further away from the colonization.

The present invention relates to a modified watermelon PPO gene, the wild type of which is identified as SEQ ID NO: 1, encoding the protein of SEQ ID NO: 5, or the wild type of which encodes a protein that has at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 5, wherein the modified PPO gene comprises one or more nucleotides replaced, inserted and/or deleted relative to the wild type, and wherein said one or more replaced, inserted and/or deleted nucleotides result in an absence of functional PPO protein. The present invention further relates to a watermelon plant which may comprise the modified PPO gene, wherein the homozygous presence of the modified PPO gene confers a pale seed color to the plant. The present invention also relates to methods for selecting, producing or the use of the watermelon plant of the invention.

The present invention comprises a novel method to engineer soil bacteria to produce powerful chlorinated auxins. While chlorinated auxins were only found in few plant species, this technology will allow the construction of soil bacterial strains capable of producing chlorinated derivatives of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A select halogenase can be expressed in soil bacteria by inserting it into the genome or through an expression vector. The engineered strains can then be applied to any plants to promote growth, thus having promising applications in agriculture.

The invention is directed to methods involved in the production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other organic compounds. The invention provides cells engineered for the production of flavonoids, anthocyanins and other organic compounds, where the engineered cells include one or more genetic modifications that increase flavonoid production by increasing metabolic flux to flavonoid precursors and/or reducing carbon losses resulting from the production of byproducts.

The disclosure discloses construction of recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae for synthesizing carminic acid and application thereof and belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering and bioengineering. The disclosure obtains recombinant S. cerevisiae CA-B2 capable of synthesizing carminic acid by heterologously expressing cyclase Zhul, aromatase ZhuJ, OKS of Octaketide synthase 1, C-glucosyltransferase UGT2, monooxygenase aptC and 4′-phosphopantetheinyl transferase npgA in S. cerevisiae. The recombinant S. cerevisiae can be used for synthesizing carminic acid by taking self-synthesized acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as a precursor. On this basis, OKS, cyclase, aromatase, C-glucosyltransferase and monooxygenase relevant to carminic acid are integrated to a high copy site, which can remarkably improve the yield of carminic acid. The yield of carminic acid can be increased to 2664.6 .Math.g/L by optimizing fermentation conditions, and the fermentation time is shortened significantly. Therefore, the recombinant S. cerevisiae plays an important role in the fields of cosmetics, textiles and food.

The invention relates to plants having a nucleus-encoded, recessive, male sterile phenotype and to the gene locus (gst) correlating therewith, including the gene which is responsible for the fertile/sterile phenotype and which is mutated in the sterile phenotype. The invention further provides methods for identifying the genotype correlating with the expression of features indicated above, and the corresponding genetic tools, such as hybridization probes and oligonucleotides. Also described is the use of the plants obtained according to the invention in hybrid breeding and in the production of products obtained from renewable raw materials, such as bioethanol, biogas and sugar-based products.