The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting the expression of a RRM2 gene. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA or nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of a RRM2 gene using said pharmaceutical composition; and methods for inhibiting the expression of RRM2 in a cell.

The invention relates to a double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for inhibiting the expression of a RRM2 gene. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the dsRNA or nucleic acid molecules or vectors encoding the same together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; methods for treating diseases caused by the expression of a RRM2 gene using said pharmaceutical composition; and methods for inhibiting the expression of RRM2 in a cell.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of converting formate to a desired compound. The method comprises providing a biocatalyst and formate to form a reaction mixture and reacting at least the biocatalyst with formate to produce a first reaction product.

A naturally occurring or recombinant urate oxidase (uricase) covalently coupled to poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(ethylene oxide) (both referred to as PEG), wherein an average of 2 to 10 strands of PEG are conjugated to each uricase subunit and the PEG has an average molecular weight between about 5 kDa and 100 kDa. The resulting PEG-uricase conjugates are substantially non-immunogenic and retain at least 75% of the uricolytic activity of the unmodified enzyme.

Compositions and methods for improving cardiac function, myocardial contractility and relaxation in a mammal are provided. Cardiomyocytes transfected with one or more expression vectors comprising a ribonucleotide reductase subunit R1-encoding nucleic acid sequence and a ribonucleotide reductase subunit R2-encoding nucleic acid sequence operably linked to a promoter are grafted to a mammalian myocardium. Also provided are compositions and methods for delivering dATP to a myocardium through grafting of donor cells overexpressing R1 and R2. dATP is thereby produced in situ and delivered through gap junctions established between donor cells and host cardiomyocytes. Alternatively, viral vector(s) having the R1 and R2-encoding construct(s) are administered to the mammal directly. Improvement of cardiac function can also be effected by administration of vectors comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding a L48Q, 61 Q, or L57Q cTnC variant.

An engineered yeast strain capable of efficient fermentation of xylose to ethanol, and methods of making and using the strain, are provided

The present invention relates to nucleic acid fragments encoding amino acid sequences for flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes in plants, and the use thereof for the modification of, for example, flavonoid biosynthesis in plants, and more specifically the modification of the content of condensed tannins. In particularly preferred embodiments, the invention relates to the combinatorial expression of chalcone synthase (CHS) and/or dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (BAN) and/or leucoanthocyanidine reductase (LAR) in plants to modify, for example, flavonoid biosynthesis or more specifically the content of condensed tannins.

The present invention relates to a host organism containing recombinant nucleic acids coding for the vitamin K reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) and recombinant nucleic acids coding for a vitamin K dependent (VKD) protein, wherein both the recombinant VKORC1 and the recombinant VKD protein are expressed in said host organism. Further, the present invention relates to a cell culture system comprising cells which contain said recombinant nucleic acids and to methods for improving the productivity of recombinant VKD protein expression in a host organism being cultured in suitable systems.

A method for inhibiting xanthine oxidase and for reducing uric acid levels using a composition obtained by culturing Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a medium. Also disclosed is a composition including a metabolite of Lactobacillus rhamnosus for reducing uric acid levels in a subject and a method for producing the composition.

In various aspects and embodiments, the invention relates to bacterial strains and methods for making terpene and terpenoid products. The invention provides bacterial strains with improved carbon flux through the MEP pathway, to thereby increase terpene and/or terpenoid product yield by fermentation with carbon sources such as glucose.