The present disclosure relates to the production of cannabinoids in yeast. In as aspect there is provided a genetically modified yeast comprising: one or more GPP producing genes and optionally, one or more GPP pathway genes; two or more olivetolic acid producing genes; one or more cannabinoid precursor or cannabinoid producing genes; one or more Hexanoyl-CoA producing genes, and at least 5% dry weight of fatty acids or fats.

An expression system and method for producing a cannabinoid in algae are provided. The method includes expressing in an algae cell an enzyme for converting hexanoic acid to hexanoyl-CoA, enzymes for converting hexanoyl-CoA to olivetolic acid (OA), an enzyme for converting olivetolic acid (OA) to cannabigerolic acid (CbGA) and an enzyme for converting cannabigerolic acid (CbGA) to a cannabinoid.

Recombiant microorganisms, plants, and plant cells are disclosed that have been engineered to express recombinant genes encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Such microorgansims, plants, or plant cells can produce steviol glycosides, e.g., Rebaudioside A and/or Rebaudioside D, which can be used as natural sweeteners in food products and dietary supplements.

Provided herein are cannabinoid analogs, including halogenated cannabinoid analogs, hydroxylated cannabinoid analogs, deuterated cannabinoid analogs, and tritiated cannabinoid analogs. The cannabinoid analogs can be prepared by partial or total expression in modified host cells, such as recombinantly modified yeast cells, optionally in combination with chemical synthetic steps.

The present invention relates generally to production methods, enzymes and recombinant yeast strains for the biosynthesis of clinically important prenylated polyketides of the cannabinoid family. Using readily available starting materials, heterologous enzymes are used to direct cannabinoid biosynthesis in yeast.

The present application provides methods of enhancing T cell function (e.g., expansion, persistence and/or effector functions), particularly by genetic modification of the Regnase-1, Batf, and additional genes (alone or in combination). The application also provides modified T cells manufactured using the methods provided by this invention and related pharmaceutical compositions. The application further provides methods of using the modified T cells for treating a disease (e.g., a cancer or an infectious disease).

Provided herein are genetically engineered mammalian cells that endogenously express one or more phytochemicals, vitamins, or therapeutic agents and suitable for use in a cultured meat product. Methods of making and using the genetically engineered mammalian cells and the cultured meat products are also provided.

The present invention aims to provide a method for producing a trans-polyisoprenoid which can increase trans rubber production. The present invention is directed to a method for producing a trans-polyisoprenoid in vitro, which involves the use of a gene coding for a trans-prenyltransferase (tPT) family protein and further involves the use of rubber particles bound to a protein encoded by the gene, or a method for producing a trans-polyisoprenoid, which includes introducing into a plant a vector including a promotor having a promoter activity that drives laticifer-specific gene expression and a gene coding for a tPT family protein linked to the promotor to express a protein encoded by the gene specifically in laticifers.

Methods and expression systems are described herein that are useful for production of terpenes and terpenoids.

The disclosure discloses a method for increasing the intracellular heme content of Escherichia coli and belongs to the field of metabolic engineering. In the disclosure, in E. coli, the gene mscS encoding a small conductance mechanically sensitive ion channel protein is knocked out, the gene aroG encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase is knocked out, or the gene hemA encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase is overexpressed. The constructed recombinant strain is cultured in an LB culture medium, and the heme content can reach 47.6 μmol.Math.L.sup.−1, which is significantly higher than that of a control strain. The recombinant strain has the value of wide application.