A method comprises printing a conductive ink on a substrate to form one or more electrodes and printing an electrode ink on one or more of the electrodes. The conductive and electrode inks are cured. Next, an enzyme ink layer is printed on at least one electrode, and the enzyme ink layer is cured with ultraviolet light. Each of the printing and curing processes are performed in an in-line process.

A method comprises printing a conductive ink on a substrate to form one or more electrodes and printing an electrode ink on one or more of the electrodes. The conductive and electrode inks are cured. Next, an enzyme ink layer is printed on at least one electrode, and the enzyme ink layer is cured with ultraviolet light. Each of the printing and curing processes are performed in an in-line process.

There is provided a surface functionalized with cross linking groups adapted to receive antibodies and/or fragments thereof. The surface has an antibody binding biomolecule having a linker region which is covalently crosslinked to functional groups and an antibody binding region. The surface also has a cell interacting biomolecule having a linker region which is covalently crosslinked to functional groups of the surface and a cell interacting region that imparts functional attributes including cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, differentiation and/or a functional response. The two biomolecules are present in independently controlled concentrations and have similar small molecular weights.

The present invention provides amino acid sequences of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides that are useful for catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-aspartate to produce β-alanine, and the preparation process of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides as well as reaction process under industrial-relevant conditions. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, engineered host cells capable of expressing engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, and methods of producing β-alanine using the engineered cells. Compared to the wild-type decarboxylase, the engineered decarboxylase polypeptide provided by the invention has better activity and stability, and overcomes the inhibition by L-aspartic acid and/or β-alanine. The use of the engineered polypeptides of the present invention for the preparation of β-alanine results in higher unit activity, lower cost, and has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention provides amino acid sequences of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides that are useful for catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-aspartate to produce β-alanine, and the preparation process of engineered decarboxylase polypeptides as well as reaction process under industrial-relevant conditions. The present disclosure also provides polynucleotide sequences encoding engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, engineered host cells capable of expressing engineered decarboxylase polypeptides, and methods of producing β-alanine using the engineered cells. Compared to the wild-type decarboxylase, the engineered decarboxylase polypeptide provided by the invention has better activity and stability, and overcomes the inhibition by L-aspartic acid and/or β-alanine. The use of the engineered polypeptides of the present invention for the preparation of β-alanine results in higher unit activity, lower cost, and has good industrial application prospects.

The present invention relates to fusion proteins comprising an N-intein polypeptide and an N-intein solubilization partner, and affinity chromatography matrices comprising such fusion proteins, as well as methods of using same.

The present invention is directed to synthesizing and using fluid-insoluble material complexes that capture biologicals and remove them from samples in microscopic scale fluids, such as in droplets, wells, and micro-wells. The present invention also pertains to the option of detecting the captured biologicals, to the option of modifying the captured biologicals, and to the option of controllably releasing the captured biologicals.

The present invention relates to a CRISPR nanocomplex for nonviral genome editing, a method for preparing the same, and the like. The CRISPR nanocomplex for nonviral genome editing of the present invention has a size of several nanometers to several microns, enables intracellular delivery without external physical stimulation, and can be utilized for genome editing through nonviral routes with respect to target genes of cells. As a result, when used for preparation of animal model, microbiological engineering, cell engineering for disease treatment, or formulations for biological administration, the CRISPR Nanocomplex shows high intracellular delivery and gene editing efficiency, and can minimize problems, such as nonspecific editing, gene mutation, and induction of cytotoxicity and biotoxicity.

The present invention relates to a method for differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, a cell therapeutic agent for treating bone disease including osteoblasts differentiated by the method and a method for producing the same. In addition, the present invention relates to a method for treating bone disease, including the step of administering the osteoblasts obtained by the method to a patient with bone disease.

The differentiation method according to the present invention can stably and rapidly differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. The differentiated osteoblasts have excellent blood vessel-forming ability and excellent bone-forming ability. Accordingly, the method for differentiating stem cells into osteoblasts and the osteoblasts obtained by the method, according to the present invention, can be effectively used as a cell therapeutic agent or treatment method related to bone disease.

The present invention provides a method for rapidly clearing a biological tissue. According to the present invention, provided is a method for clearing a biological tissue, including the steps of: infiltrating the biological tissue with water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers before, during or after fixing the biological tissue with a fixative, wherein the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers include at least a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an ionically dissociable group; polymerizing the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers to form a hydrogel in the fixed biological tissue; and removing a lipid from the fixed biological tissue.