Compositions and methods for culturing cells with theobromine are provided, as well as cells derived thereby. Theobromine compositions for enhancing bone formation, increasing bone density, increasing interconnections of internal bone, increasing bone mass, treating cartilage and/or bone defects, increasing fetal birth weight, preventing tooth decay, remineralizing a tooth surface, treating dentine hypersensitivity, and application to a bone site to promote new bone growth at the site are also provided.

The present invention relates to a medium composition containing an Ecklonia cava extract for dediffentiating an induced pluripotent stem cell. Also, the present invention relates to a method for producing induced pluripotent stem cells using the medium composition. When using the medium composition, according to the present invention, induced pluripotent stem cells using mesenchymal stem cells can be produced safely, easily, and efficiently, and the pluripotent stem cells which have been produced can be useful as a cell treatment agent by being capable of being differentiated into a variety of cells.

Disclosed are a strain for producing nattokinase and a production method therefor. In particular, the present invention involves a novel strain capable of producing nattokinase, i.e. Bacillus subtilis natto ST-1086, deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center under CGMCC No. 17895. The present invention further involves a method for producing a nattokinase product by means of using the novel strain CGMCC No. 17895 of the present application, wherein the resulting nattokinase product can be used as a drug for dissolving thrombi. The present invention further involves the use of the nattokinase product of the present application for preparing a composition for dissolving thrombi and in a method for treating thrombi.

The present invention relates to a medium composition for production of botulinum toxin and, more particularly, to a medium composition for culture of Clostridium sp. capable of producing botulinum toxin. The medium composition of the present invention comprises at least one plant-derived peptone selected from the group consisting of a garden pea hydrolysate, a cotton seed hydrolysate and a wheat gluten hydrolysate. When the medium according to the present invention, which contains plant-derived peptones and minerals, is used for culture of Clostridium botulinum, the growth rate of the bacterium in the medium is about 1.5-2 times higher than that in the medium that is in current use. In addition, when botulinum toxin is produced by culturing the bacterium in the medium, infection with transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) or the like can be prevented by blocking introduction of animal-derived components.

Disclosed are a stable recombinant cell clones which are stable in serum- and protein-free medium for at least 40 generations, a biomass obtained by multiplying the stable cell clone under serum- and protein-free culturing conditions, and a method of preparing recombinant proteins by means of the biomass. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of recovering stable recombinant cell clones.

The present invention relates to animal protein-free cell culture media comprising polyamines and a plant- and/or yeast-derived hydrolysate. The invention also relates to animal protein-free culturing processes, wherein cells can be cultivated, propagated and passaged without adding supplementary animal proteins in the culture medium. These processes are useful in cultivating cells, such as recombinant cells or cells infected with a virus, and for producing biological products by cell culture processes.

The disclosure relates to canola meal extracts (CMEs), and methods of making said CMEs. Also provided herein are compositions and culture media comprising said CMEs and use of said CMEs, compositions, and culture media for microbial fermentation across a broad class of microbes. The disclosure further relates to use of said CMEs and compositions as a partial or complete replacement for other organic extracts such as yeast extract.

Photosynthetic compositions, methods of preparing photosynthetic compositions, and methods of using photosynthetic compositions are provided herein. Some photosynthetic compositions can be perfusable and comprise photosynthetic cells suspended in a biocompatible solution. In some aspects, the photosynthetic cells are present in the composition at a density of between 10.sup.6-10.sup.9 cells/ml.

Compositions that include extracellular matrix material and/or conditioned medium obtained from cells cultured under hypoxic conditions in a suitable growth medium and methods for producing the compositions. The compositions may also include botanicals, peptides, seed extracts, marine extracts and/or bacterial ferments. The compositions may be used to repair and regeneration of skin tissue.

The invention points to a process of production of anthocyanins from Aristotelia chilensis callus cultures, which is divided into 2 essential steps: the first is the obtaining of biomass in an A. chilensis callus culture, the second step consists of eliciting the production of anthocyanins in the culture, to obtain the desired product. In this way, callus cultivation is presented as a new alternative to provide a nutritional additive rich in anthocyanins appropriate for the food industry, or any other application that requires anthocyanins that does not depend on seasonality or environmental factors.