The present invention relates to a cell-free, stem cell conditioned medium and a process for preparation thereof. Further, the present invention relates to a therapeutic composition comprising the said stem cell conditioned medium for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method for treating dermatological conditions and aiding in hair regeneration by administering the composition of the present invention.

The present invention relates to anticancer extracellular vesicles, a preparation method therefor, and an anticancer composition comprising same. Immune-tolerized extracellular vesicles containing LDHB and PGC-1α of the present invention provide cancer treatment, suppression of cancer metastasis, and cancer prevention technologies by normalizing cancer cell-specific aerobic glycolysis energy metabolic pathway in which lactate and hydrogen ions, which form a tumor microenvironment favorable for immune evasion, proliferation, metastasis and invasion of cancer cells, are produced, thereby enabling tumors to be effectively removed by means of the immune system of a patient.

A method for generating a three-dimensional neuromuscular organoid in vitro includes providing a first cell culture that includes disease-specific neuromesodermal progenitor cells, 30% to 90% of which co-express BRACHYURY/SOX2 and 10% to 70% of which co-express TBX6. The disease-specific neuromesodermal progenitor cells are cultivated in a first differentiation medium chosen from the group consisting of i) a non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium and ii) a serum-free cell culture medium supplemented with at least one of a ROCK inhibitor, an activator of a growth factor signaling pathway, and an activator of an insulin signaling pathway. The first differentiation medium is replaced by a second differentiation medium within 1 to 3 days after cultivation start. The second differentiation medium is replaced by a non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium within another 1 to 3 days. A three-dimensional neuromuscular organoid is obtained from the non-supplemented serum-free cell culture medium.

Described is the efficient and robust generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and oligodendrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The protocols provided recapitulate the major steps of oligodendrocyte differentiation, from neural stem cells to OLIG2.sup.+ progenitors, and then to O4.sup.+ OPCs, in a significantly shorter time than the 120-150 days required by previous protocols. Furthermore, O4.sup.+ OPCs are able to differentiate into MBP.sup.+ mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, and to myelinate axons in vivo when injected into immuno-compromised Shiverer mice, providing proof of concept that transplantation of PSC-derived cells for remyelination is technically feasible.

Provided are a method for inducing differentiated cells into pluripotent endoderm stem cells and an application thereof. Specifically, provided is a method for inducing human differentiated cells to differentiate into induced pluripotent endoderm stem cells (smEnSC), comprising the step of: (a) culturing differentiated cells in a culture system under a first culture condition to obtain induced pluripotent endoderm stem cells (smEnSC), the culture system comprising EGF, A83-01, and CHIR99021. Functional induced pluripotent endodermal stem cells have a high differentiation rate and purity.

The invention relates to a liver microtissue, preferably, the liver microtissue having the largest dimension between 500 and 700 μm, and the liver microtissue expressing CYP3A4 monooxygenase with an activity of at least 75,000 RLU per million cells and producing at least 18 ag of urea per million cells per 24 hours. The invention also relates to a method for producing the liver microtissue from pluripotent stem cells, and uses of the liver microtissue in treatment and/or prevention of liver failure.

The invention relates to a liver microtissue, preferably a liver microtissue comprising at least 3 different phenotypes of liver cells obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells encapsulated in a single three-dimensional closed microcompartment. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the liver microtissue and its uses in treatment or prevention of liver failure.

Disclosed herein are human hepatocytes for example isolated human hepatic progenitor cells, artificial tissue or organ thereof, and kits or compositions thereof. Also disclosed herein are various methods of using a human hepatocyte disclosed herein.

The present application discloses compositions and methods for use of nucleoside modified mRNA that encode for at least one liver regenerative factor. The present invention also relates to compositions and methods for use of nucleoside modified mRNA complexed to nanoparticles. The disclosed compositions and methods are useful for treating acute liver diseases, chronic liver diseases, and/or acetaminophen (acetyl-para-aminophenol, APAP) overdose.

Disclosed are novel means of generating cells uniquely suited for treatment of ovarian failure. In one embodiment regenerative cells are pretreated with growth factor-comprising composition(s), wherein the growth factor(s) may be cytokines, peptides, and/or proteins. In another embodiment regenerative cells are cultured with primed plasma extracts. In another embodiment, regenerative cells are cultured under hypoxic conditions together with cytokines prior to administration to an individual. Regenerative cells useful for the current invention including mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, as well as various growth factor producing cells.