Provided are a method for preparing an induced pluripotent stem cell and a composition used in the method. The method comprises: introducing a composition for promoting the formation of an induced pluripotent stem cell into a somatic cell, the composition comprising: (i) a c-Jun antagonist and one group of factors from among the following seven such groups: (1) Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, (2) Klf4 and c-Myc, (3) Oct3/4, Klf4 and c-Myc, (4) Sox2, Nanog and Lin28, (5) Oct3/4, Nanog and Lin28, (6) Oct3/4, Klf and Sox2, and (7) Klf4 and Sox2; or (ii) the c-Jun antagonist, Jhdm1b and Id1, and at least one of Glis1, Sall4 or Lrh1; or (iii) the c-Jun antagonist, Jhdm1b and Id1, and at least one of: Oct4, Klf4, Sox2, Lin28, Esrrb, Lef1, Utf1 or miRNA C. The present method allows for successful preparation of induced pluripotent stem cells with no generation of abnormal chromosomes.

The present invention relates in part to methods for producing tissue-specific cells from patient samples, and to tissue-specific cells produced using these methods. Methods for reprogramming cells using RNA are disclosed. Therapeutics comprising cells produced using these methods are also disclosed.

According to the present invention, there are provided a method for producing a human T cell, which comprises the steps of inducing an iPS cell from a human T cell, and differentiating the iPS cell into a T cell; a pharmaceutical composition comprising the T cell produced by the method; and a method for cell-based immunotherapy using the method.

The present invention provides for identification and use of small molecules to induce pluripotency in mammalian cells as well as other methods of inducing pluripotency.

The present invention provides for identification and use of small molecules to induce pluripotency in mammalian cells as well as other methods of inducing pluripotency.

The present invention embraces a RNA replicon that can be replicated by a replicase of alphavirus origin and comprises an open reading frame encoding a reprogramming factor. Such RNA replicons are useful for expressing a reprogramming factor in a cell, in particular a somatic cell. Cells engineered to express such reprogramming factors are useful in cell transplantation therapies.

Disclosed herein are methods of deriving, producing, maintaining, or expanding embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from avian species and a culture medium used for such methods. According to various embodiments, the method includes culturing an embryo extracted from an avian egg in a culture medium to harvest cells from yolk of the avian egg; dissociating cells from the cultured embryo; isolating a morphologically undifferentiated ESC colony from the dissociated cells in a culture medium; and culturing the isolated ESC colony in the presence of ovotransferrin, thereby deriving ESCs. According to various embodiments, the culture medium includes a Wnt inhibitor; a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor; ovotransferrin; an inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinases-4, -5, and -7; and a leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF).

The present disclosure relates to expressing one or more reprogramming factors utilizing translational enhancing elements in the 5 and/or 3 untranslated region (UTR) of synthetic mRNA. The 5 UTRs include a mini-enhancer sequence and a Kozak sequence whereas 3 UTR includes a spacer, a stem loop structure, and optionally, a polyadenine tail. The artificial 5 and 3 UTRs drive reprogramming factor expression, and in certain examples, do not include modified nucleosides, microRNA sites, or immune-evading factors.

The present invention relates to compositions, kits and methods for making and using RNA compositions comprising in vitro synthesized ssRNA inducing a biological or biochemical effect in a mammalian cell or organism into which the RNA composition is repeatedly or continuously introduced. In certain embodiments, the invention provides compositions and methods for changing the state of differentiation or phenotype of a human or other vertebrate cell. For example, the present invention provides mRNA and methods for reprogramming cells that exhibit a first differentiated state or phenotype to cells that exhibit a second differentiated state or phenotype, such as to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells.

According to one embodiment, an initialization agent is for initializing blood cells derived from peripheral blood. The initialization agent includes an initialization factor group for producing iPS cells by initializing a group of blood cells including mononuclear cells derived from peripheral blood, and a group of lipid nanoparticles that encapsulate the initialization factor group. The lipid nanoparticles have a component of at least or more of 40% FFT-10 and FFT-20. FFT-10 and FFT-20 are included in equal amounts.