A method for the enzymatic conversion of a phenol substrate into a corresponding catechol product comprises the step of incubating the phenol substrate with a Ralstonia solanacearum tyrosinase enzyme, or a functional derivative thereof, in a reaction mixture, for a period of time sufficient to allow the enzyme convert at least some of the phenol substrate into the catechol product.

A composition contains at least one of homovanillyl alcohol (HVA) or its previously unidentified isomer (isoHVA). Additionally or alternatively, the composition contains a precursor of HVA and/or isoHVA (e.g., hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein aglycone, oleuropein, demethyloleuropein, oleuroside, verbascoside or mixtures thereof) and also contains at least one probiotic and/or at least one enzyme which convert the precursor to HVA and/or isoHVA in vivo (and/or an intermediate compound then subjected to methylation in vivo to form HVA and/or isoHVA). The composition can be administered to an individual to treat or reduce incidence of impaired mobility in an older adult; stimulate bone formation and/or inhibit bone resorption; treat or reduce incidence of synovitis in an individual in need or at risk thereof; treat or reduce incidence of articular cartilage degradation subsequent to synovitis in an individual having or recovering from synovitis; or treat or reduce incidence of cartilage breakdown.

A composition contains at least one of homovanillyl alcohol (HVA) or its previously unidentified isomer (isoHVA). Additionally or alternatively, the composition contains a precursor of HVA and/or isoHVA (e.g., hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein aglycone, oleuropein, demethyloleuropein, oleuroside, verbascoside or mixtures thereof) and also contains at least one probiotic and/or at least one enzyme which convert the precursor to HVA and/or isoHVA in vivo (and/or an intermediate compound then subjected to methylation in vivo to form HVA and/or isoHVA). The composition can be administered to an individual to treat or reduce incidence of impaired mobility in an older adult; stimulate bone formation and/or inhibit bone resorption; treat or reduce incidence of synovitis in an individual in need or at risk thereof; treat or reduce incidence of articular cartilage degradation subsequent to synovitis in an individual having or recovering from synovitis; or treat or reduce incidence of cartilage breakdown.

A recombinant micro-organism producing resveratrol by a pathway in which phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) produces trans-cinnamic acid from phenylalanine, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) produces 4-coumaric acid from said trans-cinnamic acid, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) produces 4-coumaroyl CoA from said 4-coumaric acid, and resveratrol synthase (VST) produces said resveratrol from said 4-coumaroyl CoA, or in which L-phenylalanine- or tyrosine-ammonia lyase (PAL/TAL) produces 4-coumaric acid, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) produces 4-coumaroyl CoA from said 4-coumaric acid, and resveratrol synthase (VST) produces said resveratrol from said 4-coumaroyl CoA. The micro-organism may be a yeast, fungus or bacterium including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli, Lactococcus lactis, Aspergillus niger, or Aspergillus oryzae.

A recombinant micro-organism producing resveratrol by a pathway in which phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) produces trans-cinnamic acid from phenylalanine, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) produces 4-coumaric acid from said trans-cinnamic acid, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) produces 4-coumaroyl CoA from said 4-coumaric acid, and resveratrol synthase (VST) produces said resveratrol from said 4-coumaroyl CoA, or in which L-phenylalanine- or tyrosine-ammonia lyase (PAL/TAL) produces 4-coumaric acid, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) produces 4-coumaroyl CoA from said 4-coumaric acid, and resveratrol synthase (VST) produces said resveratrol from said 4-coumaroyl CoA. The micro-organism may be a yeast, fungus or bacterium including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, E. coli, Lactococcus lactis, Aspergillus niger, or Aspergillus oryzae.

This invention relates to mutant enzymes with enhanced properties and processes for oxidation of organic compound substrates using such enzymes.

This invention relates to mutant enzymes with enhanced properties and processes for oxidation of organic compound substrates using such enzymes.

The present invention relates to novel monooxygenases which are useful in the hydroxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. They are particularly useful for the production of 1-naththol and 7-hydroxycoumarin from naphthol and 7-Ethoxycoumarin, respectively.

The present invention relates to novel monooxygenases which are useful in the hydroxylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. They are particularly useful for the production of 1-naththol and 7-hydroxycoumarin from naphthol and 7-Ethoxycoumarin, respectively.

The present disclosure provides compounds and methods that are useful for the preparation of compounds useful as orexin-2 receptor antagonists.