The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.

The present invention provides a process for obtaining n+a oxidation and reduction products from a mixture of n sugars selected from the group consisting of C5 and C6 sugars, wherein n is at least 2 and a is at least 1, wherein at least two of the sugars in the mixture are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other, wherein, in a first stage, at least one of the sugars which are present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is oxidized enzymatically and, at the same time, at least one of the other sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is reduced enzymatically, and wherein, in the first stage, a portion of at least one of the sugars present at a non-equimolar ratio to each other is not converted, and which is characterized in that, in at least a second stage, at least a portion of the sugar not converted in the first stage is oxidized enzymatically by half and, respectively, is reduced enzymatically by the remaining half.

The description provides, inter alia, recombinant microorganisms, engineered metabolic pathways, chemical catalysts, and products produced through the use of the described methods and materials. The products produced include functionalized alpha substituted C4 dicarboxylic acids and functionalized acrylic acids and salts, esters and lactones thereof.

The description provides, inter alia, recombinant microorganisms, engineered metabolic pathways, chemical catalysts, and products produced through the use of the described methods and materials. The products produced include functionalized alpha substituted C4 dicarboxylic acids and functionalized acrylic acids and salts, esters and lactones thereof.

The invention is directed to a nystose crystal-containing powder that has excellent fluidity suitable for handling, and shows a suppressed powder-blown-up phenomenon. The nystose crystal-containing powder has a nystose content of 83 to 89 wt %; the powder has 0.2 to 18.6 wt % of gluconic acid relative to a total weight of nystose crystals contained in the powder; and the powder has a water content of 8 to 14 wt %.

The invention is directed to a nystose crystal-containing powder that has excellent fluidity suitable for handling, and shows a suppressed powder-blown-up phenomenon. The nystose crystal-containing powder has a nystose content of 83 to 89 wt %; the powder has 0.2 to 18.6 wt % of gluconic acid relative to a total weight of nystose crystals contained in the powder; and the powder has a water content of 8 to 14 wt %.

A microorganism of the genus Gluconacetobacter has enhanced cellulose productivity due to overexpression of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and optionally, phosphoglucomutase, UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, or cellulose synthase. A method of producing cellulose and a method of producing the microorganism are provided.

An object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism having an ability to produce NeuAc and/or a NeuAc-containing carbohydrate, and a method for producing NeuAc and/or the NeuAc-containing carbohydrate more efficiently by the microorganism. The present invention relates to a microorganism which has an ability to produce NeuAc and/or a NeuAc-containing carbohydrate and whose enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) biosynthesis pathway is blocked, and a method for producing NeuAc and/or the NeuAc-containing carbohydrate using the microorganism.

An object of the present invention is to provide a microorganism having an ability to produce NeuAc and/or a NeuAc-containing carbohydrate, and a method for producing NeuAc and/or the NeuAc-containing carbohydrate more efficiently by the microorganism. The present invention relates to a microorganism which has an ability to produce NeuAc and/or a NeuAc-containing carbohydrate and whose enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) biosynthesis pathway is blocked, and a method for producing NeuAc and/or the NeuAc-containing carbohydrate using the microorganism.

An inductive magnetoelectric biochemical reaction system includes a reaction unit which includes a reaction chamber, which includes a reactant container and is disposed in a rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; a primary coil, which is wound around one side of a closed-loop iron core and is connected to a control unit; a secondary coil, which is wound around the other side of the closed-loop iron core and includes an insulating tube which allows a reaction solution acting as a conductor, two ends of the insulating tube being communicated with the reactant container; a rotating magnetic field unit, which is configured to generate the rotatable perpendicular magnetic field; and a control unit, which is at least configured to adjust an excitation voltage and a signal type applied on the primary coil.