Provided are mucolytic compounds that are more effective, and/or absorbed less rapidly from mucosal surfaces, and/or are better tolerated as compared to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and DTT. The compounds are represented by compounds of Formula I which embrace structures (Ia)-(Ib): ##STR00001##
where the structural variables are as defined herein.

A method for producing individual or libraries of tri- to pentadecaketide-derived aromatic compounds of interest by heterologous expression of polyketide synthase and aromatase/cyclase in a recombinant host cell.

A method for producing a flavonoid inclusion compound, including a cleaving step including treating a sparingly soluble flavonoid having a rhamnoside structure with an enzyme having a rhamnosidase activity in the presence of a cyclodextrin to cleave a rhamnose. According to the production method of the present invention, a flavonoid inclusion compound and a composition of flavonoid glycosides having excellent solubility in water can be efficiently produced, so that the compound and composition can be suitably utilized in the fields of medicaments, foodstuff, health foods, foods for specified health use, cosmetics, and the like.

In various aspects and embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for making glycosylated products, as well as bacterial cells and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes useful for the same. In other aspects and embodiments, the disclosure provides methods for high yield and/or high purity recovery of such glycoside products from microbial cultures or cell free reactions. In various aspects and embodiments, the disclosure provides for whole cell bioconversion processes involving the glycosylation of a desired substrate, and/or the recovery of the glycosylated product at high yield and/or high purity.

In various aspects and embodiments, the present disclosure provides methods for making glycosylated products, as well as bacterial cells and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes useful for the same. In other aspects and embodiments, the disclosure provides methods for high yield and/or high purity recovery of such glycoside products from microbial cultures or cell free reactions. In various aspects and embodiments, the disclosure provides for whole cell bioconversion processes involving the glycosylation of a desired substrate, and/or the recovery of the glycosylated product at high yield and/or high purity.

Methods for converting mixtures of anthocyanins occurring in fruit or vegetable juice or extract into particular anthocyanin molecules having desirable colorant properties are provided herein. The method of the present disclosure can be employed to increase the amount of particular anthocyanin molecules, while lowering the total number of anthocyanin molecules present in the natural juice and/or extract. The disclosure is also directed to anthocyanin molecules prepared by the methods of present disclosure and to enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions that provide such effects.

Methods for converting mixtures of anthocyanins occurring in fruit or vegetable juice or extract into particular anthocyanin molecules having desirable colorant properties are provided herein. The method of the present disclosure can be employed to increase the amount of particular anthocyanin molecules, while lowering the total number of anthocyanin molecules present in the natural juice and/or extract. The disclosure is also directed to anthocyanin molecules prepared by the methods of present disclosure and to enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions that provide such effects.

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for efficient continuous production of hydrophobic products with the simultaneous retention of substrates.

The present disclosure relates to methods, systems, and apparatus for efficient continuous production of hydrophobic products with the simultaneous retention of substrates.

The present disclosure discloses a recombinant microbe producing podophyllotoxin, or its derivatives, comprising genes encoding phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylate (C4H), 4-coumaroyl CoA-ligase (4CL), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), p-coumaroyl quinate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), bifunctional pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (DIRPLR), secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase CYP719, O-methyltransferase (OMT), cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase CYP71, and 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD). Also disclosed herein is a method for producing podophyllotoxin or its derivatives. Moreover, a method of treating cancer is also disclosed.