The present disclosure provides analyte sensors including one or more NAD(P)-dependent enzymes and an internal supply of NAD(P) for the detection of an analyte. The present disclosure further provides methods of using such analyte sensors for detecting one or more analytes present in a biological sample of a subject, and methods of manufacturing said analyte sensors.

The invention disclosed herein is a device having an analyte sensor, having a working electrode and a membrane disposed over the electrode and methods of making the device. The multilayered membrane is formed by chemically fusing an inner layer of a polyelectrolyte with an outer layer of an ethylenically unsaturated prepolymer through a chain-growth polymerization reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated silicone prepolymer, a hydride silicone prepolymer, a non-silicone ethylenically unsaturated hydrophilic monomer, a filler and a metal catalyst. The silicone composition formed from the reaction mixture restricts diffusion of an analyte through the membrane. More specifically, the membrane formed comprises a restrictive domain that controls the flux of oxygen and glucose through the membrane to the working electrode.

Embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are directed to articles of clothing that allow for monitoring of different analytes (e.g., electrolytes and molecules) in human sweat during fitness activity, while training, or simply in everyday life. The clothing includes a sensor system completely integrated in textile such that every sensing part is made of textile fibers. The clothing is able to control, collect, analyze, and expel the sweat over time. The textile sensor allows a spontaneous absorption of body sweat directly from the skin, while it is produced, using the hydrophilic natural properties of the textile. Then, once adsorbed, the flux of sweat is controlled and guided through the textile using a gradient of the textile's hydrophilic properties. The sweat guided through the textile is analyzed through an electrochemical sensor woven into the textile. Finally, the sweat is collected in a reservoir and expelled for evaporation.

Composition(s), device(s), kit(s), and method(s) for an improved analyte detection sensor(s) comprising at least one scavenger protein and method(s) of preserving the functioning and functional life of the improved analyte detection sensor(s).

In various embodiments a molecular circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode spaced apart from the negative electrode, and an enzyme molecule conductively attached to both the positive and negative electrodes to form a circuit having a conduction pathway through the enzyme. In various examples, the enzyme is a polymerase. The circuit may further comprise molecular arms used to wire the enzyme to the electrodes. In various embodiments, the circuit functions as a sensor, wherein electrical signals, such as changes to voltage, current, impedance, conductance, or resistance in the circuit, are measured as substrates interact with the enzyme.

An electrode system is disclosed for measuring a concentration or presence of an analyte under in-vivo conditions, where the electrode system includes at least one electrode with immobilized enzyme molecules and an improved diffusion barrier that controls diffusion of the analyte from body fluid surrounding the electrode system to the enzyme molecules. The diffusion barrier includes a hydrophilic polyurethane or a block copolymer having at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block. The electrode system also can include a spacer membrane that includes a hydrophilic copolymer of acrylic and/or methacrylic monomers.

The invention includes method and materials designed to measure the material properties (e.g. thickness) of layers of material in a sensor using non-Faradaic EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) methods. The methods are non-destructive, very sensitive and rapid. Typically in these methods, an AC voltage is applied to the desired material layer while the output current and therefore impedance is measured. This voltage can be applied in multiple frequencies in sweep mode in order to detect both the material and, for example, the thickness of the target material. In this way, EIS allows the characterization of properties of various layers of material disposed in devices such as electrochemical glucose sensors.

Disclosed herein are compositions for permeable outer diffusion control membranes for creatinine and creatine sensors and methods of making such membranes.

Disclosed are devices for determining an analyte concentration (e.g., glucose). The devices comprise a sensor configured to generate a signal associated with a concentration of an analyte and a sensing membrane located over the sensor. The sensing membrane comprises an enzyme layer, wherein the enzyme layer comprises an enzyme and a polymer comprising polyurethane and/or polyurea segments and one or more zwitterionic repeating units. The enzyme layer protects the enzyme and prevents it from leaching from the sensing membrane into a host or deactivating.

The present disclosure describes a throughput-scalable photon sensing system. The system includes a plurality of semiconductor dies sharing a common semiconductor substrate and a plurality of photon detection sensors configured to perform a single molecule analysis of biological or chemical samples. Two immediately neighboring photon detection sensors are arranged on respective two semiconductor dies separated by a dicing street. Each photon detection sensor is arranged on a separate semiconductor die. The system further includes a first optical waveguide, a plurality of second optical waveguides disposed above the first optical waveguide, one or more wells disposed in the plurality of second optical waveguides, and one or more light guiding channels.