A working electrode for a subcutaneous sensor for use with a continuous biological monitor for a patient is disclosed. The working electrode includes a conductive substrate and an enzyme layer on the conductive substrate. The enzyme layer includes an enzyme, and the enzyme selected according to a biological function to be monitored. A hydrophobic material cross-linked with an acrylic polyol is included. The enzyme is fully entrapped in the cross-linked hydrophobic material with the acrylic polyol.

The present disclosure describes a throughput-scalable sensing system. The system includes a plurality of semiconductor dies sharing a common semiconductor substrate and a plurality of transmembrane pore based sensors configured to detect a change of current flow as a result of analyzing biological or chemical samples. Two immediately neighboring transmembrane pore based sensors are arranged on respective two semiconductor dies separated by a dicing street. Each transmembrane pore based sensor is arranged on a separate semiconductor die of the plurality of semiconductor dies. At least one transmembrane pore based sensor includes one or more detection electrodes disposed above the common semiconductor substrate and a lipid bilayer disposed above the one or more detection electrodes.

The present disclosure describes a throughput-scalable photon sensing system. The system includes a plurality of semiconductor dies sharing a common semiconductor substrate and a plurality of photon detection sensors configured to perform a single molecule analysis of biological or chemical samples. Two immediately neighboring photon detection sensors are arranged on respective two semiconductor dies separated by a dicing street. Each photon detection sensor is arranged on a separate semiconductor die. The system further includes a first optical waveguide, a plurality of second optical waveguides disposed above the first optical waveguide, one or more wells disposed in the plurality of second optical waveguides, and one or more light guiding channels.

A method for fabricating a throughput-scalable sensing system is disclosed. The method includes receiving a first semiconductor wafer and a second semiconductor wafer. The first semiconductor wafer includes a semiconductor substrate and a plurality of sensors disposed in the semiconductor substrate. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors is disposed in a separate semiconductor die of the first semiconductor wafer. The method further includes bonding the first semiconductor wafer to the second semiconductor wafer and preparing the bonded first semiconductor wafer and the second semiconductor wafer for conductive path redistribution. The method further includes forming one or more redistribution paths and dicing an array of semiconductor dies as a group from the plurality of semiconductor dies. The array of semiconductor dies includes a group of sensors associated with the throughput-scalable sensing system.

The invention disclosed herein is a device having an analyte sensor, having a working electrode and a membrane disposed over the electrode and methods of using the device. The multilayered membrane is formed by chemically fusing an inner layer of a polyelectrolyte with an outer layer of an ethylenically unsaturated prepolymer through a chain-growth polymerization reaction.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme is added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydrophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

The present disclosure describes a throughput-scalable photon sensing system. The system includes a plurality of semiconductor dies sharing a common semiconductor substrate and comprising one or more through-silicon vias. The system further includes a plurality of photon detection sensors configured to perform a single molecule or cluster sequencing analysis of biological or chemical samples. The system further includes a plurality of dicing streets separating the plurality of semiconductor dies from one another. Two immediately neighboring photon detection sensors of the plurality of photon detection sensors are arranged on respective two semiconductor dies separated by a dicing street of the plurality of dicing streets. A photon detection sensor comprises a plurality of sub-diffraction limit (SDL) photosensitive elements. Each SDL photosensitive element is sensitive to a single photoelectron. A single image pixel is generated based on one or more two-dimensional or three-dimensional arrays of outputs generated by SDL photosensitive elements.

N-type polymer based electrochemical devices include one or more source electrodes, one or more drain electrodes, one or more channels, a gate electrode, and an electrolyte solution are disclosed. The channels include one or more n-type polymers and one or more enzymes. The gate electrode includes one or more n-type polymers and one or more enzymes. The source and the drain electrodes are electrically connected by the corresponding channel. The electrolyte solution contains one or more metabolites capable of reacting with the one or more enzymes in the channel and the gate electrode and is in electrical contact with the channel and the gate electrode. Saturation current that flows through the channel increases when the metabolites react with the enzymes to produce electrons, which are directly transferred to the n-type polymers at the gate electrode and the channel. Methods of making and using the n-type electrochemical device are also disclosed.

Methods and analyte sensors including at least a first working electrode having a first active area thereon, and performing a dip coating operation to deposit a bilayer membrane upon the first working electrode and the first active area. The bilayer may include an inner layer having a first membrane polymer and an outer layer having a second membrane polymer, the first membrane polymer and the second membrane polymer differing from one another. The dip coating operation may comprise one or more first dips in a first membrane formulation to form the inner layer of the bilayer membrane and one or more second dips in a second membrane formulation to form the outer layer of the bilayer membrane upon the inner layer.

The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for measuring an analyte in a host. More particularly, the present invention relates to systems and methods for transcutaneous measurement of glucose in a host.