Systems and methods are provided for microbial identification using cleavable tags. Control information is sent to a mass spectrometer to fragment one or more nucleic acid primers labeled with a first tag and monitor for an intensity of the first tag in a mass spectrometry (MS) method. An ion source provides a beam of ions from a polymerase chain reaction amplified sample that includes one or more nucleic acid primers labeled with the first tag. The first tag binds to one or more nucleic acid primers of a known microbe and is cleaved from the nucleic acid primers during the MS method. The mass spectrometer receives the beam of ions and is adapted to perform the MS method on the beam of ions. If the intensity of the first tag received from the mass spectrometer exceeds a threshold value, the known microbe is identified in the sample.

Systems and methods are provided for microbial identification using cleavable tags. Control information is sent to a mass spectrometer to fragment one or more nucleic acid primers labeled with a first tag and monitor for an intensity of the first tag in a mass spectrometry (MS) method. An ion source provides a beam of ions from a polymerase chain reaction amplified sample that includes one or more nucleic acid primers labeled with the first tag. The first tag binds to one or more nucleic acid primers of a known microbe and is cleaved from the nucleic acid primers during the MS method. The mass spectrometer receives the beam of ions and is adapted to perform the MS method on the beam of ions. If the intensity of the first tag received from the mass spectrometer exceeds a threshold value, the known microbe is identified in the sample.

The present invention relates to new methods and processes for culturing mammalian cells with the addition of phenolic antioxidants. Performance of the cell culturing methods and processes in their various aspects result in a higher viable cell density and higher protein titer.

The present invention relates to new methods and processes for culturing mammalian cells with the addition of phenolic antioxidants. Performance of the cell culturing methods and processes in their various aspects result in a higher viable cell density and higher protein titer.

The object is to provide a lysis method, lysis treatment solution, detection method using an immunochromatographic device, and detection kit comprising an immunochromatographic device for detecting whether causative bacteria of mastitis are coliform bacteria or not by using milk of a livestock animal. There is provided a method for lysing coliform bacteria, which comprises the step of mixing a lysis agent containing a lytic enzyme, and at least one kind of anionic surfactant, and preferably further containing at least one kind of nonionic surfactant, with milk obtained form a livestock animal to lyse coliform bacteria existing in the milk. The lytic enzyme is preferably lysozyme.

The object is to provide a lysis method, lysis treatment solution, detection method using an immunochromatographic device, and detection kit comprising an immunochromatographic device for detecting whether causative bacteria of mastitis are coliform bacteria or not by using milk of a livestock animal. There is provided a method for lysing coliform bacteria, which comprises the step of mixing a lysis agent containing a lytic enzyme, and at least one kind of anionic surfactant, and preferably further containing at least one kind of nonionic surfactant, with milk obtained form a livestock animal to lyse coliform bacteria existing in the milk. The lytic enzyme is preferably lysozyme.

The present invention relates to vitro method for analysing a liquid sample as to the presence, identity and properties of microbes comprising: a) isolating microbes from the liquid sample; b) analysing said microbes spectroscopically by means of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy; and c) determining antibiotic susceptibility of said microbes spectroscopically by means of spontaneous Raman spectroscopy. The present invention also refers to device for analysing a liquid sample as to the presence, identity and properties of microbes, wherein the device comprises as a first unit (i) a chip comprising a filtering unit and an antibiotics exposure unit capable of determining the susceptibility of microbes to an antibiotic; as a second unit (ii) a Raman spectroscopy system; and as a third unit (iii) an evaluation module which is coupled to the Raman spectroscopy system.

The invention provides a “host-guest” supramolecular hydrogel. The hydrogel contains an AAm/NVP interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with supramolecular cross-linkers assembled from β-lactam/adamantane-containing guest molecule with host polymeric cyclodextrin (PCD). An advantage of this hydrogel is that because of the molecular association of polymeric cyclodextrin and adamantane, the supramolecular hydrogels self-heal without any external stimuli after the hydrogels are severed. The invention also provides methods of making the hydrogel, methods of making the synthesis intermediates, and methods of diagnosis or treatment of β-lactamase-containing bacteria.

The invention provides a “host-guest” supramolecular hydrogel. The hydrogel contains an AAm/NVP interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with supramolecular cross-linkers assembled from β-lactam/adamantane-containing guest molecule with host polymeric cyclodextrin (PCD). An advantage of this hydrogel is that because of the molecular association of polymeric cyclodextrin and adamantane, the supramolecular hydrogels self-heal without any external stimuli after the hydrogels are severed. The invention also provides methods of making the hydrogel, methods of making the synthesis intermediates, and methods of diagnosis or treatment of β-lactamase-containing bacteria.

This disclosure provides, inter alia, systems and methods for testing products for ammonia oxidizing bacteria, quality control, and providing products with ammonia oxidizing bacteria. The systems and methods herein may be used, inter alia, to treat diseases associated with low nitrite levels, skin diseases, and diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria.