A biosensor for detecting analytes present in fluid includes one or more plates configured on a substrate to form at least one channel such that one or more containment chambers are formed in the channels. The channel are mechanically, separated from each other by spacers, and the containment chambers are fluidically separated from adjacent chamber by a discontinuity such that the fluid flows between adjacent chambers only after an application of a predefined pressure on the plate. The multiple chambers allows the fluid to undergo pre-processing using different set of reagents provided at different chambers, to mitigate effects of interferents and to efficiently distribute load of the reagents on the chambers. Further, some of containment chambers allows detection of analytes in the fluid using detection reagents.

The present invention provides a microorganism-derived soluble coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase which catalyzes a reaction for oxidizing glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor, has an activity to maltose as low as 5% or less, and is inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. The invention also provides a method for producing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase, and a method and a reagent for measuring employing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase. According to the invention, the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase can be applied to an industrial field, and a use becomes possible also in a material production or analysis including a method for measuring or eliminating glucose in a sample using the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase as well as a method for producing an organic compound. It became also possible to provide a glucose sensor capable of accurately measuring a blood sugar level. Therefore, it became possible to provide an enzyme having a high utility, such as an ability of being used for modifying a material in the fields of pharmaceuticals, clinical studies and food products.

The present invention provides a microorganism-derived soluble coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase which catalyzes a reaction for oxidizing glucose in the presence of an electron acceptor, has an activity to maltose as low as 5% or less, and is inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline. The invention also provides a method for producing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase, and a method and a reagent for measuring employing the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase. According to the invention, the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase can be applied to an industrial field, and a use becomes possible also in a material production or analysis including a method for measuring or eliminating glucose in a sample using the coenzyme-binding glucose dehydrogenase as well as a method for producing an organic compound. It became also possible to provide a glucose sensor capable of accurately measuring a blood sugar level. Therefore, it became possible to provide an enzyme having a high utility, such as an ability of being used for modifying a material in the fields of pharmaceuticals, clinical studies and food products.

A disposable sensor chip for biological component concentration measurement includes: a chip main body defining a cavity through which a body fluid is flowable; and a reagent located in the cavity such that the body fluid flowing through the cavity comes into contact with the reagent. The reagent comprises a 2-substituted benzothiazolyl-3-substituted phenyl-5-substituted sulfonated phenyl-2H-tetrazolium salt.

A disposable sensor chip for biological component concentration measurement includes: a chip main body defining a cavity through which a body fluid is flowable; and a reagent located in the cavity such that the body fluid flowing through the cavity comes into contact with the reagent. The reagent comprises a 2-substituted benzothiazolyl-3-substituted phenyl-5-substituted sulfonated phenyl-2H-tetrazolium salt.

An object to modify the substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase is provided. Also provided are a method of modifying the substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase by using a glucose dehydrogenase substrate specificity modifier, the modifier being a glucose analog and a low molecular weight compound, as well as a glucose dehydrogenase substrate specificity modifier.

An object to modify the substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase is provided. Also provided are a method of modifying the substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase by using a glucose dehydrogenase substrate specificity modifier, the modifier being a glucose analog and a low molecular weight compound, as well as a glucose dehydrogenase substrate specificity modifier.

The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences and medicine. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for preparing an extract comprising metabolites such as NAD+, NADP+, NADH and NADPH from a sample of a subject and to a method for determining amounts of NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, and/or NADP pool from a sample obtained from a subject. The present invention also relates to an extract comprising metabolites such as NAD+, NADP+, NADH and NADPH. Also, the present invention relates to a kit comprising an extraction solution, a detection system comprising an electron carrier, chromogen and non-ionic detergent for determining amounts of NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, and/or NADP pool, and optionally GSH, GSSG and/or GSH/GSSG ratio, from a sample of a subject. Still, the present invention relates to use of the kit of the present invention for determining amounts of NAD +, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, NADP pool, GSH, GSSG and/or GSH/GSSG ratio or changes thereof in a sample of a subject e.g. for diagnostics purposes or for monitoring changes in health status of a person. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method and kit for determining disorders of a subject.

The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences and medicine. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for preparing an extract comprising metabolites such as NAD+, NADP+, NADH and NADPH from a sample of a subject and to a method for determining amounts of NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, and/or NADP pool from a sample obtained from a subject. The present invention also relates to an extract comprising metabolites such as NAD+, NADP+, NADH and NADPH. Also, the present invention relates to a kit comprising an extraction solution, a detection system comprising an electron carrier, chromogen and non-ionic detergent for determining amounts of NAD+, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, and/or NADP pool, and optionally GSH, GSSG and/or GSH/GSSG ratio, from a sample of a subject. Still, the present invention relates to use of the kit of the present invention for determining amounts of NAD +, NADP+, NADH, NADPH, NAD+/NADH ratio, NADPH/NADP+ ratio, NAD pool, NADP pool, GSH, GSSG and/or GSH/GSSG ratio or changes thereof in a sample of a subject e.g. for diagnostics purposes or for monitoring changes in health status of a person. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method and kit for determining disorders of a subject.

Methods are provided of identifying a subject having impaired aldehyde dehydrogenase activity; and administering to the subject a compound comprising an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid, an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid ester, an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid thioester, an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid amide, a polyunsaturated fatty acid mimetic, or an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid pro-drug, the compound having an isotopic modification that reduces oxidation of the compound, thereby reducing production in the subject of substrate for aldehyde dehydrogenase. Some aspects provide coadministering an isotopicaliy-modified polyunsaturated fatty acid and an oxylipin.