The document provides methods for biosynthesizing isobutene using one or more isolated enzymes such as one or more of an enoyl-CoA dehydratase, a 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase, an isovaleryl-CoA/acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and a mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, or using recombinant host cells expressing one or more such enzymes.

Provided herein are methods of predicting the effect of a concentration of a sensitizer on cell viability in a production bioreactor, methods of improving cell viability in a production bioreactor, methods of predicting cell viability in a production bioreactor, and methods for culturing a cell in a production bioreactor.

Provided herein are methods of predicting the effect of a concentration of a sensitizer on cell viability in a production bioreactor, methods of improving cell viability in a production bioreactor, methods of predicting cell viability in a production bioreactor, and methods for culturing a cell in a production bioreactor.

Methods and compositions for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity in blood samples are described. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide methods for detecting G6PD activity in undiluted or minimally diluted blood samples, including obtaining a blood sample, and detecting G6PD activity present in the undiluted or minimally diluted blood sample by epifluorescence. Also provided are methods for detecting G6PD activity and detecting a bloodborne microorganism as two parts of a single test.

Methods and compositions for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme activity in blood samples are described. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide methods for detecting G6PD activity in undiluted or minimally diluted blood samples, including obtaining a blood sample, and detecting G6PD activity present in the undiluted or minimally diluted blood sample by epifluorescence. Also provided are methods for detecting G6PD activity and detecting a bloodborne microorganism as two parts of a single test.

In one embodiment, a working electrode measuring the presence of a first analyte is disclosed. The working electrode includes a working conductor that has a first electrode reactive surface. The working electrode further includes a first transport material that enables flux of the first analyte to the first reactive chemistry. Additionally, a first reactive chemistry that is responsive to the first analyte is included in the working electrode. The first reactive chemistry includes a mediator, an enzyme and a cofactor. Wherein the first reactive chemistry is located between the working conductor and the first transport material.

In one embodiment, a working electrode measuring the presence of a first analyte is disclosed. The working electrode includes a working conductor that has a first electrode reactive surface. The working electrode further includes a first transport material that enables flux of the first analyte to the first reactive chemistry. Additionally, a first reactive chemistry that is responsive to the first analyte is included in the working electrode. The first reactive chemistry includes a mediator, an enzyme and a cofactor. Wherein the first reactive chemistry is located between the working conductor and the first transport material.

Compositions and methods for screening for a disease or a disorder associated with a deficiency in frataxin in a subject using biomarkers for diseases or disorders associated with a deficiency in frataxin are disclosed. The compositions and methods include determining the acetylation status of mitochondrial proteins. Also disclosed are methods of detecting progression of a disease or a disorder associated with a deficiency in frataxin in a subject and methods of monitoring effectiveness of a therapy for diseases or disorders associated with a deficiency in frataxin.

Compositions and methods for screening for a disease or a disorder associated with a deficiency in frataxin in a subject using biomarkers for diseases or disorders associated with a deficiency in frataxin are disclosed. The compositions and methods include determining the acetylation status of mitochondrial proteins. Also disclosed are methods of detecting progression of a disease or a disorder associated with a deficiency in frataxin in a subject and methods of monitoring effectiveness of a therapy for diseases or disorders associated with a deficiency in frataxin.

Provided are compositions related to HSD17B13 variants, including nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides related to variants of HSD17B13, and cells comprising those nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides. Also provided are methods related to HSD17B13 variants. Such methods include methods for detecting the presence of the HSD17B13 rs72613567 variant in a biological sample comprising genomic DNA, for detecting the presence or levels of any one of variant HSD17B13 Transcripts C, D, E, F, G, and H, and particularly D, in a biological sample comprising mRNA or cDNA, or for detecting the presence or levels of any one of variant HSD17B13 protein Isoforms C, D, E, F, G, or H, and particularly D, in a biological sample comprising protein. Also provided are methods for determining a subject's susceptibility to developing a liver disease or of diagnosing a subject with liver disease.