A method for treating a solution including nucleic acid, comprising the steps of: arranging the solution on a first surface of a first base material having the first surface, which has a well defined by an electrode and a resist; and after arranging the solution on the first surface of the first base material, pressing the first base material and a second base material, which has a hydrophobic second surface, together so that the second surface of the second base material and the first surface of the first base material face each other.

Methods and systems of analyzing a biological sample to detect the presence of a virus are disclosed, that include mechanically homogenizing the biological sample, wherein the biological sample is unprocessed, to lyse the unprocessed biological sample to produce a homogenized sample; amplifying the viral nucleic acids in the homogenized sample, where such amplification occurs without any isolation, separation, purification, or extraction of the viral nucleic acids in the homogenized sample; and analyzing the amplified viral nucleic acids to detect the presence of the virus.

Methods and systems of analyzing a biological sample to detect the presence of a virus are disclosed, that include mechanically homogenizing the biological sample, wherein the biological sample is unprocessed, to lyse the unprocessed biological sample to produce a homogenized sample; amplifying the viral nucleic acids in the homogenized sample, where such amplification occurs without any isolation, separation, purification, or extraction of the viral nucleic acids in the homogenized sample; and analyzing the amplified viral nucleic acids to detect the presence of the virus.

The present invention provides a paper-based, nucleic acid-detecting sensor capable of easily and simply detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid from a PCR amplicon. In addition, the present invention provides a paper-based, nucleic acid-detecting kit capable of easily and simply detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid from a PCR amplicon and a nucleic acid detecting method using same. The present invention can easily and simply determine the presence or absence of a target nucleic acid in a PCR amplicon by utilizing the function in which the target nucleic acid is associated with nanoparticles to form a composite and when loaded into the sensor, the composite is separated and moves according to the structure of the sensor and is finally visualized on the sensor.

The present invention provides a paper-based, nucleic acid-detecting sensor capable of easily and simply detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid from a PCR amplicon. In addition, the present invention provides a paper-based, nucleic acid-detecting kit capable of easily and simply detecting the presence of a target nucleic acid from a PCR amplicon and a nucleic acid detecting method using same. The present invention can easily and simply determine the presence or absence of a target nucleic acid in a PCR amplicon by utilizing the function in which the target nucleic acid is associated with nanoparticles to form a composite and when loaded into the sensor, the composite is separated and moves according to the structure of the sensor and is finally visualized on the sensor.

The present invention is directed to the field of RNA formulation, in particular to lyophilization of RNA. The invention provides a method for lyophilization of RNA. The present invention further concerns a lyophilized composition obtainable by the inventive method, a pharmaceutical composition, a vaccine and a kit or kit of parts. Moreover, the present invention provides a novel use of a lyoprotectant for lyophilizing RNA, the use of the inventive method in the manufacture of a medicament as well as the first and second medical use of the composition obtainable by the inventive method, the pharmaceutical composition, the vaccine or the kit or kit of parts according to the invention.

The present invention is directed to the field of RNA formulation, in particular to lyophilization of RNA. The invention provides a method for lyophilization of RNA. The present invention further concerns a lyophilized composition obtainable by the inventive method, a pharmaceutical composition, a vaccine and a kit or kit of parts. Moreover, the present invention provides a novel use of a lyoprotectant for lyophilizing RNA, the use of the inventive method in the manufacture of a medicament as well as the first and second medical use of the composition obtainable by the inventive method, the pharmaceutical composition, the vaccine or the kit or kit of parts according to the invention.

Embodiments provided herein relate to methods and compositions for preparing nucleic acid libraries. Some embodiments include preparing libraries from nucleic acids obtained from degraded samples, such as ancient samples and fixed samples.

Embodiments provided herein relate to methods and compositions for preparing nucleic acid libraries. Some embodiments include preparing libraries from nucleic acids obtained from degraded samples, such as ancient samples and fixed samples.

A method of analyzing a molecule is disclosed. A lipid bilayer is formed such that it divides a first reservoir characterized by a first reservoir osmolarity from a second reservoir characterized by a second reservoir osmolarity. An electrolyte solution is flowed to the first reservoir that tends to make a first change to a ratio of the first reservoir osmolarity to the second reservoir osmolarity. A voltage is applied across the lipid bilayer, wherein the lipid bilayer is inserted with a nanopore, and wherein a net transfer of ions between the first reservoir and the second reservoir tends to make a second change to the ratio of the first reservoir osmolarity to the second reservoir osmolarity, and wherein the first change to the ratio and the second change to the ratio tends to counter-balance each other.