This invention provides methods for characterizing the amounts of nucleic acids, including plus/minus determinations, the use of different constructs, the use of a library and a reference library. Expression may also be compared in two or more samples using the methods of this invention. Also provided are heterophasic arrays comprising labeled positive copies of nucleic acids hybridized to the array and labeled negative copies of nucleic acids hybridized to the array, in which the labeled positive copies are separately quantifiable from the labeled negative copies.

The present disclosure provides compositions, methods and systems for generating nucleic acid agents having a desired property, such as a property for specifically binding to a target. More specifically, the present disclosure provides compositions, methods and systems for generating a pool of modified members comprising modified nucleic acid agents with an unlimited range of chemical diversity.

The present disclosure provides compositions, methods and systems for generating nucleic acid agents having a desired property, such as a property for specifically binding to a target. More specifically, the present disclosure provides compositions, methods and systems for generating a pool of modified members comprising modified nucleic acid agents with an unlimited range of chemical diversity.

The invention relates to methods for pairwise sequencing of a polynucleotide template which result in the sequential determination of nucleotide sequence in two distinct and separate regions of the polynucleotide template.

The invention relates to methods for pairwise sequencing of a polynucleotide template which result in the sequential determination of nucleotide sequence in two distinct and separate regions of the polynucleotide template.

A method of fabricating a device includes fabricating conductive surfaces including one or more capture surfaces and one or more reference surfaces, attaching a first molecular wire to each capture surface, and attaching a second molecular wire to each reference surface. The first and second molecular wires include chiral oligonucleotide multiplexes having identical nucleobase sequences and opposite absolute configuration. The first molecular wire includes a first oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a first functional handle including a sulfur-containing compound, and a second oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a capture agent that interacts with a target entity. The second molecular wire includes a first oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a second functional handle including a sulfur-containing compound, and a second oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a reference compound. The first and second oligonucleotide strands of each molecular wire are complementary and have the same absolute configuration.

A method of fabricating a device includes fabricating conductive surfaces including one or more capture surfaces and one or more reference surfaces, attaching a first molecular wire to each capture surface, and attaching a second molecular wire to each reference surface. The first and second molecular wires include chiral oligonucleotide multiplexes having identical nucleobase sequences and opposite absolute configuration. The first molecular wire includes a first oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a first functional handle including a sulfur-containing compound, and a second oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a capture agent that interacts with a target entity. The second molecular wire includes a first oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a second functional handle including a sulfur-containing compound, and a second oligonucleotide strand conjugated to a reference compound. The first and second oligonucleotide strands of each molecular wire are complementary and have the same absolute configuration.

When the target (30) is not supplied, the binding via the binding part is maintained, and when the donor fluorescent molecule (11) is excited, energy is transferred to the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) that is close to the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) exhibits fluorescence. When the target (30) is supplied, the target (30) is bound to the detection part to release the binding via the binding part, and the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) is separated from the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the donor fluorescent molecule (11) exhibits fluorescence.

When the target (30) is not supplied, the binding via the binding part is maintained, and when the donor fluorescent molecule (11) is excited, energy is transferred to the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) that is close to the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) exhibits fluorescence. When the target (30) is supplied, the target (30) is bound to the detection part to release the binding via the binding part, and the acceptor fluorescent molecule (21) is separated from the donor fluorescent molecule (11). Then, the donor fluorescent molecule (11) exhibits fluorescence.

Enantiomeric pairs of molecular wires comprised of oligomeric nucleic acids, wherein the oligomers of each wire possess identical nucleobase pair sequences and thus identical conductivity as between wires, are constructed and used to sense biological or chemical entities of interest at the cellular or molecular level. The oligomeric molecular wires conduct voltage inputs to sensing subsystem integrated circuitry, either from an electrostatic potential arising from a targeting agent (i.e., a capture agent) binding to an intended biological or chemical target molecule, or from an electrostatic potential associated with a reference molecule that has non-specific interactions with the environment. The chirality of the oligomers imparts selectivity to either the targeting agent or the reference molecule during assembly of the sensing subsystem.