Disclosed are a recombinant acid-resistant yeast having lactic acid-producing ability and suppressed glycerol production and a method of preparing lactic acid using the same. More particularly, disclosed are a recombinant acid-resistant yeast into which a gene involved in lactic acid production is introduced and in which a gene involved in glycerol production is deleted or attenuated, and a method of preparing lactic acid using the same. When producing lactic acid using the recombinant acid-resistant yeast, the production of lactic acid is maintained while the production of glycerol is reduced, so crosslinking by glycerol can be suppressed in the oligomerization reaction for conversion to lactide, and thus the conversion yield of lactic acid to lactide can be increased.

A combination of an electrochemical device for delivering reducing equivalents to a cell, and engineered metabolic pathways within the cell capable of utilizing the electrochemically provided reducing equivalents is disclosed. Such a combination allows the production of commodity chemicals by fermentation to proceed with increased carbon efficiency.

The present invention relates to a process for producing an organic acid by fermentation, comprising the process steps: I) cultivating microorganisms in a culture medium to which are fed, as assimilable carbon sources, glycerol and a further carbonaceous compound, to allow the microorganisms to produce the organic acid, thereby obtaining a fermentation broth comprising the organic acid; II) recovering the organic acid or the salt thereof from the fermentation broth obtained in process step I); wherein, at least for a certain period of time in process step I), the consumption rate of the further carbonaceous compound (C.sub.Rc.c.; in g per liter per hour) is lower than the maximum theoretical consumption rate of the further carbonaceous compound (CR.sub.c.c. max; in g per liter per hour).

The present disclosure relates to methods for more efficiently recycling reduced electron carriers in a hydrogen-oxidizing microorganism with an operable Calvin-Benson cycle; synthetic carbon fixation pathways that recycle reduced electron carriers more efficiently than the Calvin-Benson cycle, such as methods for enzymatically converting carbon dioxide to formate and assimilating the resulting formate into central carbon metabolism; methods for producing biochemical products; and recombinant hosts utilizing one or more synthetic carbon fixation pathways.

The present disclosure provides a magnetic nano-drug with double targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biomedicine. The magnetic nano-drug of the present disclosure includes aminated ZnFe.sub.2O.sub.4 hollow porous magnetic nano-particles, lactate dehydrogenase-silk fibroin (LDH-SF), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and n-hydroxy succinimide (NHS). A mass ratio of the aminated ZnFe.sub.2O.sub.4 hollow porous magnetic nano-particles to the EDC to the NHS to the LDH-SF is (5-10):(1-5):(1-6):(1-8). The magnetic nano-drug according to the present disclosure can position a VEGF ligand through magnetic targeting of hollow zinc ferrite particles, use magnetic particles to regulate reprogramming of macrophages in an intervertebral disc so as to indirectly regulate down-regulation of the VEGF, and inhibit angiogenesis. Meanwhile, the VEGFR is targeted through ligustrazine, controlled release of magnetic heat is combined, and an inhibitory function is achieved. Therefore, double targeting of the magnetic nano-drug can effectively inhibit vascularization, block neurotrophic supply, and implement radical treatment of pain.

The invention relates to double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) compositions targeting the LDHA gene, as well as methods of inhibiting expression of LDHA, methods of inhibiting LDHA and HAO1, and methods of treating subjects that would benefit from reduction in expression of LDHA, such as subjects having an oxalate pathway-associated disease, disorder, or condition, using such dsRNA compositions.

A working electrode for a subcutaneous sensor for use with a continuous biological monitor for a patient is disclosed. The working electrode includes a conductive substrate and a carbon-enzyme layer on the conductive substrate. The carbon-enzyme layer includes a polyurethane or silicone crosslinked with an acrylic polyol, and an enzyme fully entrapped by the polyurethane or silicone crosslinked with the acrylic polyol. The enzyme is selected according to a biological function to be monitored. The carbon-enzyme layer also includes a carbon material. The carbon-enzyme layer is electrically conductive and facilitates a generation of either peroxide or electrons within the carbon-enzyme layer responsive to reacting the enzyme with a target biologic from blood of the patient.

The present invention relates to a novel flavin-dependent lactate dehydrogenase and a method for improving stability of lactate dehydrogenase.

The present invention provides tools and methods for producing organic acids using strains of Monascus which are tolerant to high organic acid concentrations at low pH.

One aspect of the disclosure relates to methods of treating a fibrotic condition in an individual. The methods include administering to an individual having a fibrotic condition an effective amount of a lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, wherein the fibrotic condition involves an internal organ or tissue, or ocular tissue, and said administering is effective to treat the fibrotic condition. Methods of administration and pharmaceutical compositions and systems for practicing such methods are also disclosed.