The invention relates to a biocell (1) with a biofuel reservoir intended to be brought into contact with a liquid medium and with a fluid medium comprising an oxidant. Said biocell comprises a first electrochemical cell having: an anode (5) comprising a first enzyme capable of catalyzing the oxidation of the biofuel;—a cathode (7) comprising a second enzyme capable of catalyzing the reduction of the oxidant; and—a separating and porous membrane (3), electrically insulating, and permeable to said liquid medium, placed between the anode (5) and the cathode (7). Said biocell (1) being characterized in that it comprises a means for storing the biofuel (3) and for providing the liquid medium to the anode (5), said means comprising a hydrophilic porous material in contact with said anode (5)) and having a basis weight of 500 to 900 g/m2,

The present invention takes the glucose oxidase GOD from Aspergillus niger as the mutation template to obtain the glucose oxidase GOD mutants with improved catalytic efficiency and thermal stability by site directed mutagenesis. The specific activity of the mutant of the present invention is 66% higher than that of the wild type GOD; the enzyme activity of the mutant of the present invention is 13.6 times higher than that of the wild type after being treated at 70° C. for 10 min; and the enzyme activity of the mutant of the present invention is 29.4 times higher than that of the wild type after being treated at 80° C. for 2 min.

Articles and methods related to the administration of biomolecules to subjects using metal-organic frameworks are generally described. In some embodiments, an article is described, the article comprising a substrate comprising an adhesive layer, a support layer disposed on at least a portion of the substrate, and an active material disposed on and/or in at least a portion of the support layer, wherein the active material comprises a composite comprising a metal-organic framework and a biomolecule. In certain embodiments, a method of treating a subject with a biomolecule is described, the method comprising administering an article to a subject.

Disclosed is an enzyme composition for regulating sugar metabolism which can regulate the absorption of glucose into the body by converting the carbohydrates in food to a form of sugar that is not absorbed in the stomach and the like before being decomposed in the small intestine into glucose by the activity of various enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, or lactase and the like and absorbed, wherein the enzyme composition includes: one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of glucoamylase, sucrase and lactase; glucose oxidase; and transglucosidase.

Embodiments of the current invention include a hydrogel formed from crosslinked polyethylene glycol into which acrylated glucose oxidase has been immobilized through crosslinking to the gel. These hydrogels can be used to create hypoxia under ambient conditions for at least 72 hours and can be used to create hypoxic gradients. These embodiments permit the study of cells under a variety of hypoxic conditions.

A chromogenic absorbent material for an animal litter includes an oxidizing agent responsive to peroxidatic/pseudoperoxidatic activity in an animal excretion or a first catalytic compound generating the oxidizing agent in situ. The material also includes a chromogenic indicator being chromogenically responsive to the oxidizing activity of the oxidizing agent, and an absorptive material which is porous, for absorbing the animal excretion. The absorptive material includes a water-absorbing polysaccharide providing absorptive properties to the chromogenic absorbent material; and may also include a second polysaccharide and a superabsorbent polymer. The material may be obtained in the form of particles having a low density and a high porosity, and is usable in conjunction with an animal litter for detecting various diseases in animals.

Methods and systems are directed to multiplex detection of a bacterial pathogen in a sample. A first biotinylated lysin-derived cell wall binding domain is complexed with an avidin layer on a surface. A first bacterial pathogen detection complex including a second biotinylated lysin-derived cell wall binding domain, a detection domain, and an avidin linker complexed between the cell wall binding domain and the detection domain is also provided. The cell wall binding domains are derived from an endolysin, autolysin, bacteriocin, or exolysin, and are configured to bind a cell wall of a target bacterial pathogen. The detection domain includes one or more enzymes, fluorescent material, or DNA for emitting a signal for detection. Target bacterial pathogens present in a sample can thus be detected in a sandwich assay exhibiting increased selectivity and reduced limit of detection relative to traditional ELISA.

Briefly, a sensor for a continuous biological monitor is provided that has a working electrode with an enhanced enzyme layer that in one embodiment is made by mixing an aqueous polyurethane emulsion with an acrylic polyol emulsion to make a base emulsion. An enzyme is added to the base emulsion, which is applied to the working electrode and cured. Optionally, other additives can be added to the base emulsion prior to application, such as hydrophiles, cross linkers, adding imodeoesters, hydroxysuccimide, carboldilite, melamines, epoxies, benzoyl peroxide or dicumyl peroxide.

A method for preparing a biosensing membrane: electrochemically activating and modifying an oxidoreductase, then performing a cross-linking treatment using a chemical cross-linking agent, and then coating on a surface of an electrode, thereby forming a biosensing membrane, wherein the chemical cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde or polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether. Also disclosed are a prepared biosensing membrane and monitoring device. The provided preparation method, or the biosensing membrane and monitoring device prepared by the preparation method are stable and durable, and may carry out a plurality of detections, and the foregoing biosensing membrane is particularly suitable to act as a biosensing membrane of a living body monitoring device.

Methods for making nanocomposites are provided. In an embodiment, such a method comprises combining a first type of nanostructure with a bulk material in water or an aqueous solution, the first type of nanostructure functionalized with a functional group capable of undergoing van der Waals interactions with the bulk material, whereby the first type of nanostructure induces exfoliation of the bulk material to provide a second, different type of nanostructure while inducing association between the first and second types of nanostructures to form the nanocomposite.