The present disclosure concerns recombinant yeast host cells having a first genetic modification for downregulating a first metabolic pathway that converts NADP.sup.+ to NADPH, as well as a second genetic modification for upregulating a second metabolic pathway that converts NADP.sup.+ to NADPH. The second genetic modification allows the expression of a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase lacking phosphorylating activity, which can, in some embodiments, be from enzyme commission 1.2.1.9 or 1.2.1.90. The second pathway is distinct from the first metabolic pathway. The present disclosure also concerns a process for making and improving the yield of a fermented product, such as ethanol, using the recombinant yeast host cell.

Provided herein, among other things, is an engineered non-plant cell that produces a tropane alkaloid product, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product. A method for producing a tropane alkaloid, a precursor of a tropane alkaloid product, or a derivative of a tropane alkaloid product that makes use of the cell is also described.

The present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms and methods for the production of 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA from a carbon source. The method provides for engineered microorganisms that express endogenous and/or exogenous nucleic acid molecules that catalyze the conversion of a carbon source into 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA. The disclosure further provides methods of producing polymers derived from 4-HMF, 2,4-furandimethanol, furan-2,4-dicarbaldehyde, 4-(hydroxymethyl)furoic acid, 2-formylfuran-4-carboxylate, 4-formylfuran-2-carboxylate, and/or 2,4-FDCA.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and/or a method for improving the productivity of 3-HP, the methods comprising the steps of: performing high-concentration cell culturing of a 3-HP-producing strain; and (2) isolating high-concentration-cultured cells to inoculate a medium for 3-HP production with same, thereby producing 3-HP, and thus the present invention can improve the productivity and yield of 3-HP.

The invention provides polypeptides and encoding nucleic acids of aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. The invention also provides cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. The invention further provides methods for producing 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde (3-HBal) and/or 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO), or an ester or amide thereof, comprising culturing cells expressing an aldehyde dehydrogenase variant or using lysates of such cells. The invention additional provides methods for producing 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde (4-HBal) and/or 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO), or an ester or amide thereof, comprising culturing cells expressing an aldehyde dehydrogenase variant or using lysates of such cells.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms selectively produce a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid of a specified length. Also provided are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms further include an acetyl-CoA pathway. In some aspects, the microbial organisms of the invention have select gene disruptions or enzyme attenuations that increase production of fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes or fatty acids. The invention additionally provides methods of using the above microbial organisms to produce a fatty alcohol, a fatty aldehyde or a fatty acid.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a medium chain diamine and, more specifically, to a method for producing a medium chain diamine from an alcohol or alkane derived from a fatty acid, by culturing a recombinant microorganism from which a fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in a ω-oxidative metabolic pathway and a β-oxidative metabolic pathway related gene have been deleted, and also into which a ω-transaminase gene has been introduced. The recombinant microorganism disclosed in the present invention can prevent the additional oxidation and β-oxidation metabolism of fatty aldehyde and can produce a medium chain diamine with a high yield by introducing an amine group to the terminus thereof.

The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for producing artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid or artemisinin. In various aspects, the present disclosure provides enzymes, polynucleotides encoding said enzymes, and recombinant microbial host cells (or microbial host strains) for the production of artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid or artemisinin. The present disclosure further provides methods of making pharmaceutical products containing artemisinic acid, dihydroartemisinic acid or artemisinin.

The present disclosure provides microbial organisms having decreased production of unwanted by-products (e.g, pyruvate-, CO.sub.2—, TCA-derived by-products; acetate; ethanol; and/or, alanine) to enhance carbon flux through acetyl-CoA, which can increase production of acetyl-CoA derived compounds (e.g, 1,3-BDO, MMA, and (3R)-hydroxybutyl (3R)-hydroxybutyrate, or any other acetyl-CoA derived compounds), and products made from any of these compounds. Also provided are one or more exogenous nucleic acids encoding enzymes that can decrease production of unwanted by-products (e.g, aldehyde dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA synthase, amino acid dehydrogenase, alanine racemase, and/or citrate synthase), and/or one or more gene attenuations occurring in genes (e.g., acetolactate synthase) that result in decreased production of unwanted by-products. Various combinations of the exogenous nucleic acids and gene deletions are also provided in the present disclosure. Methods of making and using the same, including methods for culturing cells, and for the production of the various products are also provided.

The invention provides an engineered carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) enzyme, a nucleic acid encoding the CAR enzyme, and a non-naturally occurring microbial organism comprising an exogenous nucleic acid encoding the CAR, an engineered transaminase (TA) enzyme, and/or a hexamethylenediamine (HMD) transaminase (TA2) enzyme. The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism that has a 1,6-hexanediol (HDO) pathway with a HDO pathway enzyme expressed in sufficient amounts to produce 6 aminocaproate semi aldehyde, HDO, or both. The invention further provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism that has an HMD pathway with a HMD pathway enzyme expressed in sufficient amounts to produce 6-aminocaproate semialdehyde, HMD, or both. The invention additionally provides bioderived HMD, 6-aminocaproate semialdehyde, and/or HDO and methods for producing bioderived HMD, 6-aminocaproate semialdehyde, and/or HDO.