The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam. The method can include culturing an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam.

The present invention provides for a mechanism to reduce glycerol production and increase nitrogen utilization and ethanol production of recombinant microorganisms. One aspect of this invention relates to strains of S. cerevisiae with reduced glycerol productivity that get a kinetic benefit from higher nitrogen concentration without sacrificing ethanol yield. A second aspect of the invention relates to metabolic modifications resulting in altered transport and/or intracellular metabolism of nitrogen sources present in corn mash.

The present disclosure provides recombinant microorganisms and methods for the anaerobic production of 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid from one or more carbon sources. The microorganisms and methods provide redox-balanced and ATP positive pathways for co-producing 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid with ethanol and for co-producing 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid with ethanol and 1-propanol. The method provides recombinant microorganisms that express endogenous and/or exogenous nucleic acid molecules encoding polypeptides that catalyze the conversion of a carbon source into 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid and that coupled the 2,4-furandicarboxylic acid pathway with an additional metabolic pathway.

The present invention relates to a yeast cell that is genetically modified comprising: a) a disruption of one or more aldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C: 1.2.1.4) native to the yeast; b) one or more nucleotide sequence encoding a heterologous NAD+-dependent acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.10); c) one or more nucleotide sequence encoding a homologous or heterologous acetyl-CoA synthetase (E.C. 6.2.1.1); and d) a modification that leads to reduction of glycerol 3-phosphate phosphohydrolase (E.C. 3.1.3.21) and/or glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.8 or E.C. 1.1.5.3) activity, native to the yeast.

The present invention relates to a eukaryotic cell that is genetically modified comprising one or more heterologous gene encoding: a) D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and/or b) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; and/or c) glucose dehydrogenase, gluconolactonase and gluconate kinase,
wherein a), b) and glucose dehydrogenase in c) are NAD.sup.+ dependent.

The present invention provides for novel metabolic pathways to detoxify biomass-derived acetate via metabolic conversion to ethanol, acetone, or isopropanol. More specifically, the invention provides for a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more first engineered metabolic pathways to achieve: (1) conversion of acetate to ethanol; (2) conversion of acetate to acetone; or (3) conversion of acetate to isopropanol; and one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes that function in one or more second engineered metabolic pathways to produce an electron donor used in the conversion of acetate to less inhibitory compounds; wherein the one or more native and/or heterologous enzymes is activated, upregulated, or downregulated.

Described are compositions and methods relate to modified yeast that, in addition to native endogenous CRZ1, produces a modified CRZ1 transcriptional activator involved in the calcineurin stress response pathway. Such yeast is well suited for use in fuel alcohol production to increase yield.

The present invention relates to a yeast cell, in particular a recombinant yeast cell, the cell lacking enzymatic activity needed for the NADH-dependent glycerol synthesis or the cell having a reduced enzymatic activity with respect to the NADH-dependent glycerol synthesis compared to its corresponding wild-type yeast cell, the cell comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acid sequences encoding an NAD.sup.+-dependent acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.10) activity. The invention further relates to the use of a cell according to the invention in the preparation of ethanol.

The present invention relates to a yeast cell, in particular a recombinant yeast cell, the cell lacking enzymatic activity needed for the NADH-dependent glycerol synthesis or the cell having a reduced enzymatic activity with respect to the NADH-dependent glycerol synthesis compared to its corresponding wild-type yeast cell, the cell comprising one or more heterologous nucleic acid sequences encoding an NAD.sup.+-dependent acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.10) activity. The invention further relates to the use of a cell according to the invention in the preparation of ethanol.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms selectively produce a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid of a specified length. Also provided are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms further include an acetyl-CoA pathway. In some aspects, the microbial organisms of the invention have select gene disruptions or enzyme attenuations that increase production of fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes or fatty acids. The invention additionally provides methods of using the above microbial organisms to produce a fatty alcohol, a fatty aldehyde or a fatty acid.