This invention relates to a biogenic substance production process wherein a) at least one starting material has b) at least one enzyme added to it and the product resulting from b) has c) at least one liver cell added to it, and d) at least one biogenic substance is isolated.

The present invention provides an isolated or recombinant polypeptide comprising or consisting of a modified P450 reductase which lacks N-terminal amino acids relative to the corresponding wild type P450 reductase and comprises an epitope tag comprising the sequence HDEL or KDEL. The modified P450 reductase, when co-expressed with a cytochrome P450, increases the activity and/or expression of the cytochrome P450 compared to the activity and/or expression of the cytochrome P450 when co-expressed with the wild type P450 reductase.

Metabolically-engineered yeast strains are provided. such as metabolically-engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiaestrains. producing high amounts of at least one. preferably all four natural cytokinins: trans-zeatin (tZ), trans-zeatin riboside (tZR). isopentenyladenine (iP) and isopenteny ladenine riboside (iPR).

The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides and steviol glycoside precursors.

The invention relates to a yeast strain and to a method for microbial production of pentacyclic triterpenes and/or triterpenoids in yeast. More particularly, the invention relates to a modified yeast strain for production of pentacyclic triterpenoids comprising at least one copy of a gene for encoding an oxidosqualene cyclase, at least one copy of a gene for encoding an NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and/or at least one copy of a gene for encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.

The present invention provides genetically engineered host organisms capable of producing terpenoids. The present invention also relates terpenoids obtained from such genetically engineered organisms. Examples of the produced terpenoids include carotenoids, ionones, abienol, and other isoprenoid derived compounds. In addition, the invention relates to a methods of for the preparation of terpenoids using such a genetically engineered organism.

The present invention provides methods by which trans-(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-cyclopropylamine and related cyclopropane compounds are prepared using synthetic strategies that include a biocatalytic cyclopropanation step.

The present invention relates to a recombinant host capable of producing a steviol glycoside comprising a recombinant nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide having geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase activity which comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or an amino acid sequence having at least about 45% sequence identity thereto.

This invention relates to modified hydroxylases. The invention further relates to cells expressing such modified hydroxylases and methods of producing hydroxylated alkanes by contacting a suitable substrate with such cells.

Provided are an optimized CPY4V2 gene and an application thereof. The gene relates to a polynucleotide for coding a CYP4V2 protein, and comprises a nucleotide sequence having 90% or over 90% of identity with a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8 or SEQ ID NO: 9. Also provided is an expression vector comprising the gene. The expression vector can realize lasting and stable expression in retinal pigment epithelium of eyes, can effectively reduce the dosage and possible side effects of a gene therapy drug for treating BCD, and improves the therapeutic effect.