Compositions and methods for treating endothelial glycocalyx include glucosamine, hyaluronan and/or fucoidan, and one or more antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and/or polyphenol. The compositions improve vascular health by exhibiting beneficial synergistic effects on endothelial glycocalyx over the benefits of taking any single component alone or the sum of reported effects of the individual components. Specifically, components of the composition (1) enhance synthesis of new glycocalyx by (a) providing and (b) increasing production of glycocalyx precursors, (2) protecting existing glycocalyx against damage, such as by oxidation degradation, by (a) providing and (b) increasing production of antioxidants, some of which associate with endothelial glycocalyx, and (3) enhance repair of damaged glycocalyx by (a) providing glycocalyx mimetics and (b) increasing the prevalence of glycocalyx scaffold for association and incorporation thereof.

The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, and kits that enable the in situ growth of polymers on or within a subject. In some aspects, the monomer, dopamine, polymerizes in vivo to form a polymer on a tissue. In additional aspects, the compositions, methods, and kits are useful for treating or preventing a disease or disorder.

Compositions and methods for treating endothelial glycocalyx include glucosamine, hyaluronan and/or fucoidan, and one or more antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and/or polyphenol. The compositions improve vascular health by exhibiting beneficial synergistic effects on endothelial glycocalyx over the benefits of taking any single component alone or the sum of reported effects of the individual components. Specifically, components of the composition (1) enhance synthesis of new glycocalyx by (a) providing and (b) increasing production of glycocalyx precursors, (2) protecting existing glycocalyx against damage, such as by oxidation degradation, by (a) providing and (b) increasing production of antioxidants, some of which associate with endothelial glycocalyx, and (3) enhance repair of damaged glycocalyx by (a) providing glycocalyx mimetics and (b) increasing the prevalence of glycocalyx scaffold for association and incorporation thereof.

The present invention relates to biocatalytic methods, comprising purely enzymatic, mixed enzymatic-fermentative and purely fermentative methods, for the direct single-step conversion of L-fucitol to L-fucose, in order to easily obtain L-fucose at high amounts and levels of purity. Suitable recombinant microorganisms and fungi are further disclosed and also the use thereof in said method for the single-step conversion to L-fucose.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to stabilized lactate oxidase compositions, and electrodes, sensors and systems that include the same. Also provided are methods for making the compositions and for detecting and/or measuring lactate in vivo with stable lactate enzyme compositions.

Provided are methods for degrading or converting a cellulosic material, comprising: treating the cellulosic material with an enzyme composition in the presence of a polypeptide having catalase activity; and enzyme composition used for degrading or converting a cellulosic material comprising one or more (e.g., several) enzymes having cellulolytic and/or hemicellulolytic activity and a polypeptide having catalase activity.

An inventive method and a device for the biotechnological reduction of sugar substances in fruit educts for the purpose of obtaining low-sugar fruit products characterized by enzymatic and/or fermentative reaction processes. Said method is characterized by a closed-loop control process, by means of which the pH value in the low-sugar fruit product is adjusted to a predetermined higher value, as compared to the pH value in the fruit educt, in such a way that during the reduction of the sugar substances by at least 30% by weight to less than 40% by weight, the pH value is increased between 0.6 and 1.0 pH units; or that during the reduction of the sugar substances by at least 40% by weight to less than 50% by weight, the pH value is increased between 0.7 and 1.1 pH units; or that during the reduction of the sugar substances by at least 50% by weight to less than 65% by weight, the pH value is increased between 0.8 and 1.2 pH units; or that during the reduction of the sugar substances by at least 65% by weight to less than 80% by weight, the pH value is increased between 0.9 and 1.3 pH units; or that during the reduction of the sugar substances by at least 80% by weight, the pH value is increased between 1.0 and 1.4 pH units;
wherein the aforementioned pH values may also turn out to be higher or lower by up to 0.1 or up to 0.2 pH units; and/or
wherein, in the case of fermentatively formed sugar alcohols having a % by weight fraction of up to 3.0% by weight, the increase in the pH value with the simultaneous reduction of the sugar substances may turn out to be less by up to 0.3 pH units, as compared to a purely enzymatic process, wherein preferably both values correlate to each other, in particular, linearly.

The present invention can be used to obtain, in particular, low-sugar fruit products, such as fruit pures or fruit preparations or fruit powder or whole fruit beverages (smoothies) or fruit juices and/or vegetable juices (regardless of whether bottled undiluted as NFC juice or rediluted as fruit juice from fruit juice concentrate) or comparable fruit beverages that can be characterized as alcohol-free.

Methods and systems are disclosed for analyzing and treating a fluid containing a peroxyacid and/or peroxide. A method of analyzing the fluid includes introducing into the fluid a decomposition agent that catalyzes decomposition of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide into decomposition products including oxygen, then directly or indirectly measuring an amount of oxygen produced after introduction of the decomposition agent, and determining an amount of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide present in the fluid. The amount of peroxyacid and/or peroxide in the fluid can also be monitored and controlled by further adjusting the amount of the peroxyacid and/or peroxide in the fluid based on the determined amount thereof. A system for performing the methods includes a decomposition agent infusion device for introducing the decomposition agent into a fluid sample, and a sensor for directly or indirectly measuring an amount of oxygen produced after introduction of the decomposition agent.

Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and/or provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD are provided. In several embodiments, the agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments generate in, or carry to, oxygen in the intestinal lumen to treat IBD and provide prophylaxis against exacerbation of IBD, including those caused by the presence of anaerobic bacteria in the intestine. The agents, kits, and methods provided herein generate an aerobic environment within the intestine to alleviate intestinal inflammation.

Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to prevent and/or treat intestinal inflammation and/or infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms are provided. In several embodiments, the formulations are provided as a capsule within a capsule in order to separate an oxygen prodrug from a catalyst until the formulation is at a target site within the intestine. In several embodiments, the catalyst is provided in an excess of the oxygen prodrug. In several embodiments, the prodrug is within an inner capsule or coating and a biological material comprising a catalyst (e.g., yeast, spirulina, chlorella, etc.) surrounds the encapsulated prodrug and the biological material is within a capsule or coating. The agents, kits, and methods can be utilized to prevent and/or treat anaerobic bacterial infections of the intestinal lumen by enteric aerobization therapy.