Seed index system and methods for treating agricultural seeds with one or more seed care products employing a size-adjusted application rate based on the size of the seeds. Such size-adjusted application rates can be determined by a supplier of seed care products and communicated to an applicator who applies the seed care product to a quantity of seeds. Such size-adjusted application rates can be in the form of a chart, an equation, or a calculator.

A method of processing cottonseed includes applying an acid solution to a quantity of fuzzy cottonseed within an acid application device. Transferring the quantity of fuzzy cottonseed to a fluid bed dryer station after applying the acid solution. At least partially drying the quantity of fuzzy cottonseed at the fluid bed dryer station.

A method of processing cottonseed includes applying an acid solution to a quantity of fuzzy cottonseed within an acid application device. Transferring the quantity of fuzzy cottonseed to a fluid bed dryer station after applying the acid solution. At least partially drying the quantity of fuzzy cottonseed at the fluid bed dryer station.

A seed processing system for cottonseeds includes a fluid distribution system configured to sequentially dispense an acid solution, a base solution and a rinse liquid onto the cottonseeds. A seed applicator system defines an interior configured to hold the cottonseeds and receive the acid solution, base solution and rinse liquid dispensed from the fluid distribution system. The seed applicator system includes a rotor configured to agitate the cottonseeds in the interior as the acid solution, base solution and rinse liquid are dispensed onto the cottonseeds to effectuate mixing.

Embodiments of the disclosed technology are directed to a method for combining seed priming and vacuum infiltration to facilitate deep penetration of chemicals or other substances into seeds. By combining the two processes, the germination process of seeds can be started allowing a relatively lengthy period of disinfection. The lengthy period of disinfection under vacuum provides maximum penetration into the seed in order to eradicate diseases occurring deep inside the seed. Any type of seed priming may be used in the disclosed method, including, but not limited to, osmopriming, matrix priming, or hydropriming. Further, any type of seed may be treated, including most vegetable crops, ornamentals, and agronomic crops.

Embodiments of the disclosed technology are directed to a method for combining seed priming and vacuum infiltration to facilitate deep penetration of chemicals or other substances into seeds. By combining the two processes, the germination process of seeds can be started allowing a relatively lengthy period of disinfection. The lengthy period of disinfection under vacuum provides maximum penetration into the seed in order to eradicate diseases occurring deep inside the seed. Any type of seed priming may be used in the disclosed method, including, but not limited to, osmopriming, matrix priming, or hydropriming. Further, any type of seed may be treated, including most vegetable crops, ornamentals, and agronomic crops.

Particles are sorted into paths based on a measurable parameter by forming them into a stream in at least one duct carried on a body rotating around an axis where the duct is shaped so that the particles are accelerated to cause the particles separated into the duct to be aligned one after another in a row in the duct. The parameter of the particles are measured in the aligned stream one after the other and the particles are directed into one of a plurality of paths as determined by the measurement. In one arrangement the body comprises a disk member having a front face facing a supply conduit and the duct lies in a radial plane of the disk member. In one arrangement the measurement of the parameter is carried out by one or more measurement devices either carried on the disk or outside the edge of the disk.

Methods and apparatuses to activate, modify, and sanitize the surfaces of granular, powdered, or seed material placed in a continuous flow of a low-temperature, reduced-pressure gas plasma. Said plasma may be created with radio-frequency power, using capacitive-inductive, or a combination of both types of discharge. The plasma is generated at pressures in the 0.01 to 10 Torr range. RF frequency ranges from 0.2 to 220 MHz, and correspond to a plasma density between about n.sub.e10.sup.8-n.sub.e10.sup.12 or 0.001 to 0.4 W/cm.sup.3. Inserts and electrodes may be temperature controlled to control process conditions. RF discharge may be pulsed or modulated by different frequency in order to stimulate energy exchange between gas plasma and process material. The apparatuses may be grounded, biased and mechanically activated (e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.).

Methods and apparatuses to activate, modify, and sanitize the surfaces of granular, powdered, or seed material placed in a continuous flow of a low-temperature, reduced-pressure gas plasma. Said plasma may be created with radio-frequency power, using capacitive-inductive, or a combination of both types of discharge. The plasma is generated at pressures in the 0.01 to 10 Torr range. RF frequency ranges from 0.2 to 220 MHz, and correspond to a plasma density between about n.sub.e10.sup.8-n.sub.e10.sup.12 or 0.001 to 0.4 W/cm.sup.3. Inserts and electrodes may be temperature controlled to control process conditions. RF discharge may be pulsed or modulated by different frequency in order to stimulate energy exchange between gas plasma and process material. The apparatuses may be grounded, biased and mechanically activated (e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.).

The invention comprises an apparatus, method and system used to treat various liquids, seeds, and soil or other growth media used in cultivating plants by exposure to a plasma discharge. The system comprises a novel electrode structure which utilizes a tapered inner electrode and a porous outer electrode to create a three-dimensional plasma discharge, which is applied to liquid, seeds or growth media through removably attachable sub-assemblies. When used to treat water or seeds, highly-concentrated plasma activated water (PAW) and disease and drought resistant plasma activated seeds (PAS), respectively, are produced, which improve germination rate and efficiency, and eliminate the need for ammonia-based chemical fertilizers.