The present invention addresses the problem of providing a composition that has excellent plant disease controlling effects and provides a plant disease control composition that includes a new strain of Bacillus, APM-1 (New strain of Bacillus, APM-1), which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4838, and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a composition that has excellent plant disease controlling effects and provides a plant disease control composition that includes a new strain of Bacillus, APM-1 (New strain of Bacillus, APM-1), which has been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-4838, and one or more ubiquinol oxidase Qo site inhibitor.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mesoionic compound, which exhibits an improved controlling effect on various harmful organisms, or a salt thereof. A mesoionic compound represented by formula (1) (wherein: R.sup.1 is selected from a hydrogen atom, etc.; R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted phenyl group; R.sup.3 is selected from a hydrogen atom, etc.; R.sup.4 is selected from a hydrogen atom, etc.; R.sup.5 is selected from an optionally substituted ethylene group, etc.; and X is selected from an oxygen atom, etc.) or a salt thereof.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mesoionic compound, which exhibits an improved controlling effect on various harmful organisms, or a salt thereof. A mesoionic compound represented by formula (1) (wherein: R.sup.1 is selected from a hydrogen atom, etc.; R.sup.2 represents an optionally substituted phenyl group; R.sup.3 is selected from a hydrogen atom, etc.; R.sup.4 is selected from a hydrogen atom, etc.; R.sup.5 is selected from an optionally substituted ethylene group, etc.; and X is selected from an oxygen atom, etc.) or a salt thereof.

Methods and apparatuses to activate, modify, and sanitize the surfaces of granular, powdered, or seed material placed in a continuous flow of a low-temperature, reduced-pressure gas plasma. Said plasma may be created with radio-frequency power, using capacitive-inductive, or a combination of both types of discharge. The plasma is generated at pressures in the 0.01 to 10 Torr range. RF frequency ranges from 0.2 to 220 MHz, and correspond to a plasma density between about n.sub.e10.sup.8-n.sub.e10.sup.12 or 0.001 to 0.4 W/cm.sup.3. Inserts and electrodes may be temperature controlled to control process conditions. RF discharge may be pulsed or modulated by different frequency in order to stimulate energy exchange between gas plasma and process material. The apparatuses may be grounded, biased and mechanically activated (e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.).

Methods and apparatuses to activate, modify, and sanitize the surfaces of granular, powdered, or seed material placed in a continuous flow of a low-temperature, reduced-pressure gas plasma. Said plasma may be created with radio-frequency power, using capacitive-inductive, or a combination of both types of discharge. The plasma is generated at pressures in the 0.01 to 10 Torr range. RF frequency ranges from 0.2 to 220 MHz, and correspond to a plasma density between about n.sub.e10.sup.8-n.sub.e10.sup.12 or 0.001 to 0.4 W/cm.sup.3. Inserts and electrodes may be temperature controlled to control process conditions. RF discharge may be pulsed or modulated by different frequency in order to stimulate energy exchange between gas plasma and process material. The apparatuses may be grounded, biased and mechanically activated (e.g., vibration, rotation, etc.).

To provide a pesticidal solid composition which is excellent in the controlling effects with reduced labor in application operation with a smaller dose.

A pesticidal solid composition, which comprises a solution having cyclaniliprole or its salt and an anionic surfactant dissolved in a polar solvent (component (1)), an oil-absorbing powder (component (2)) and a granular carrier (component (3)) (the anionic surfactant is described in the specification); and the component (1) is absorbed into or attached to at least one of the components (2) and (3).

A paddy seed treatment agent containing a herbicidal active component and having a sufficient herbicidal effect, while having a reduced risk of herbicide injury to paddy rice, a method for treating paddy seeds using the paddy seed treatment agent, paddy seeds, and a method for controlling paddy field weeds by sowing and cultivating the paddy seeds, are provided. The paddy seed treatment agent contains fenquinotrione or a salt thereof as a herbicidal active component. The method for controlling paddy field weeds includes sowing and cultivating paddy seeds treated with this paddy seed treatment agent, and the like.

A paddy seed treatment agent containing a herbicidal active component and having a sufficient herbicidal effect, while having a reduced risk of herbicide injury to paddy rice, a method for treating paddy seeds using the paddy seed treatment agent, paddy seeds, and a method for controlling paddy field weeds by sowing and cultivating the paddy seeds, are provided. The paddy seed treatment agent contains fenquinotrione or a salt thereof as a herbicidal active component. The method for controlling paddy field weeds includes sowing and cultivating paddy seeds treated with this paddy seed treatment agent, and the like.

A use of an application mode of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) in growth and induced resistance of Nicotiana tabacum (N. tabacum) includes the following specific operation steps: S1. experimental materials: preparation of test media and bacterial solutions; S2. experimental treatments: S2.1 control treatment; S2.2 seed soaking treatment; S2.3 root irrigation treatment; and S2.4 foliar inoculation treatment; S3. test determination indexes and methods: S3.1 determination of biological traits; S3.2 determination of physiological and biochemical indexes; and S3.3 determination of disease resistance and induced resistance indexes; and S4. data processing: subjecting data to a difference significance test. Different application modes of T. harzianum all can promote the growth of N. tabacum plants and reduce the occurrence of tobacco black shank (TBS), among which a root irrigation treatment at a transplanting stage leads to an optimal effect.