Disclosed is a new tagatose 6-phosphate 4-epimerase, which is capable of converting fructose 6-phosphate into tagatose 6-phosphate and vice versa. Also disclosed is an application of the enzyme in tagatose production.

A method for preparing glucosamine includes the steps of converting fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and an ammonium salt to glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN6P) under the catalysis of glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (EC 3.5.99.6, GlmD); and producing glucosamine (GlcN) by the dephosphorylation of GlcN6P under the catalysis of an enzyme capable of catalyzing the dephosphorylation. Such a method can be used to prepare glucosamine by in vitro enzymatic biosystem.

The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into allulose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing allulose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase (A6PE), and converting the A6P to allulose, catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP).

Provided herein are variant adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins having one or more modifications in amino acid sequence relative to a parental AAV capsid protein, which, when present in an AAV virion, confer increased infectivity of one or more types of muscle cells as compared to the infectivity of the muscle cells by an AAV virion comprising the unmodified parental AAV capsid protein. Also provided are recombinant AAV virions and pharmaceutical compositions thereof comprising a variant AAV capsid protein as described herein, methods of making these rAAV capsid proteins and virions, and methods for using these rAAV capsid proteins and virions in research and in clinical practice, for example in, e.g., the delivery of nucleic acid sequences to one or more muscle cells for the treatment of muscle disorders and diseases.

Disclosed is a new tagatose 6-phosphate 4-epimerase, which is capable of converting fructose 6-phosphate into tagatose 6-phosphate and vice versa. Also disclosed is an application of the enzyme in tagatose production.

Provided herein are variant adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid proteins having one or more modifications in amino acid sequence relative to a parental AAV capsid protein, which, when present in an AAV virion, confer increased infectivity of one or more types of muscle cells as compared to the infectivity of the muscle cells by an AAV virion comprising the unmodified parental AAV capsid protein. Also provided are recombinant AAV virions and pharmaceutical compositions thereof comprising a variant AAV capsid protein as described herein, methods of making these rAAV capsid proteins and virions, and methods for using these rAAV capsid proteins and virions in research and in clinical practice, for example in, e.g., the delivery of nucleic acid sequences to one or more muscle cells for the treatment of muscle disorders and diseases.

An inositol preparation method by enzymatic catalysis uses starch and cellulose or substrates thereof as substrates. Raw materials are converted to inositol by in vitro multi-enzyme reaction system in one pot. The yield from the substrate to inositol is significantly improved by process optimization and adding new enzymes. The new enzymes can promote the phosphorolysis of starch or cellulose and utilization of glucose, which is the final production after the phosphorolysis of starch and cellulose. The inositol preparation method described herein has great potentials in industrial production of inositol because of high inositol yield, easy scale-up, low production cost, and lower impact to environment.

Reactions are disclosed herein comprising water, alpha-glucose-1-phosphate (alpha-G1P), an acceptor molecule, and an alpha-1,4-glucan phosphorylase. Novel alpha-1,4-glucan phosphorylase enzymes are also disclosed. Additional disclosures herein regard sucrose phosphorylase enzymes and methods of use thereof to produce alpha-G1P.

The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into allulose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing allulose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase (A6PE), and converting the A6P to allulose, catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP).

The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into allulose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing allulose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to allulose 6-phosphate (A6P), catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase (A6PE), and converting the A6P to allulose, catalyzed by allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase (A6PP).