Disclosed are genetically engineered microbial cells for the production of oligosaccharides comprising a galactose-β1,4-glucose moiety at their reducing end, wherein said microbial cells are able to produce said oligosaccharides in the absence of exogenously added lactose, and a method of producing said oligosaccharides using said microbial cells.

Recombinant strains are obtained for the production of allulose, allose, and allitol by regulating intracellular glucose metabolism, reducing the enzyme activity of fructose 6-phosphate kinase, and enhancing the enzyme activities of glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, allulose 6-phosphate 3-epimerase, allulose 6-phosphate phosphatase, fructose permease and fructokinase, and optionally enhancing the enzyme activities of ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, allose 6-phosphate phosphatase, ribitol dehydrogenase, glycerol permease, glycerol dehydrogenase, and dihydroxyacetone kinase. A method for producing allulose and allose is an extracellular multienzyme cascade method. Multienzyme cascade catalysis and fermentation are coupled to improve the conversion rate of starch sugar or sucrose to the synthesized allulose.

Disclosed are genetically engineered microbial cells for the production of oligosaccharides comprising a galactose-β1,4-glucose moiety at their reducing end, wherein said microbial cells are able to produce said oligosaccharides in the absence of exogenously added lactose, and a method of producing said oligosaccharides using said microbial cells.

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of monoethylene glycol (MEG) or glycolic acid (GA), or MEG and one or more co-product, from one or more pentose and/or hexose sugars. Also provided are methods of producing MEG (or GA), or MEG (or GA) and one or more co-product, from one or more pentose and/or hexose sugars using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or the products MEG (or GA), or MEG and one or more co-product.

The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of monoethylene glycol (MEG), or optionally MEG and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock. The present application also relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of glycolic acid (GA), or optionally GA and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock. The present application relates to recombinant microorganisms useful in the biosynthesis of xylitol, or optionally xylitol and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock. Also provided are methods of producing MEG (or GA or xylitol), or optionally MEG (or GA or xylitol) and one or more co-product, from one or more hexose feedstock using the recombinant microorganisms, as well as compositions comprising the recombinant microorganisms and/or the products MEG (or GA or xylitol), or optionally MEG (or GA or xylitol) and one or more co-product.

The present invention relates to a mutant microorganism in which a gene that encodes phosphofructokinase-2 is disrupted or deleted to reduce glycolytic flux to thereby improve the ability of the microorganism to produce N-acetylglucosamine, and to a method of producing N-acetylglucosamine using the mutant microorganism. The mutant microorganism according to the present invention has advantages in that it has high resistance to various chemical substances, grows rapidly, is easily cultured, and produces N-acetylglucosamine with high efficiency, indicating that it is useful for production of a large amount of N-acetylglucosamine.

A cell-based quantitative high-throughput screening assay to monitor the formation of PFK1-mEGFP clusters by the action of small molecules to identify small molecules that promote intracellular PFK1 clustering in a cell cycle-dependent manner and may be used to treat cancer.

The invention provides gene targets whose restoration leads to genome stabilization in host cells, such as Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Many DNA repair genes are mutated in CHO cells which compromises their ability to repair naturally occurring DNA damage, in particular double-strand breaks (DSBs). Unrepaired DSBs can give rise to chromosomal instability which, in turn, can lead to loss of transgenes from the genome. As a consequence, protein titer can drop significantly, rendering protein production unprofitable. The invention provides a set of mutated DNA repair genes whose restoration yields significant improvement in DSB repair, genome stability, and protein titer.

The present invention relates to a method for producing fucosylated oligosaccharides by using a recombinant prokaryotic host cell that is cultivated on a gluconeogenic substrate, as well as to the host cell and its use. The host cell is genetically modified in that the activity of a fructose-6-phosphate converting enzyme is abolished or lowered, and the transport of the produced fucosylated oligosaccharide through the cell membrane is facilitated by an exogenous transport protein.

The present invention provides a measuring method for at least one of a kinase forward reaction substrate, a phosphorylated product thereof, and a precursor thereof, and includes a step of conducting an enzymatic cycling reaction by bringing at least a kinase, a first nucleotide coenzyme of the kinase, and a second nucleotide coenzyme having a different nucleoside moiety from the first nucleotide coenzyme into contact with a sample; a step of detecting a signal corresponding to a change of at least one of the first nucleotide coenzyme and a conversion product thereof, and the second nucleotide coenzyme and a conversion product thereof; and (3) a step of calculating, on the basis of the detected change of the signal, an amount of the kinase forward reaction substrate and/or the phosphorylated product thereof contained in the sample.