The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms selectively produce a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid of a specified length. Also provided are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms further include an acetyl-CoA pathway. In some aspects, the microbial organisms of the invention have select gene disruptions or enzyme attenuations that increase production of fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes or fatty acids. The invention additionally provides methods of using the above microbial organisms to produce a fatty alcohol, a fatty aldehyde or a fatty acid.

A method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is for enhancing disease resistance of a plant against Soybean mosaic virus compared to a non-transformant. The method may include transforming a plant cell of the plant with a recombinant vector containing a gene encoding Glycine max purple acid phosphatase 2.1 (GmPAP2.1) protein from Glycine max to overexpress the gene encoding GmPAP2.1 protein. As the GmPAP2.1 gene from Glycine max of the present invention can modulate disease resistance against Soybean mosaic virus, it is expected to be applied for development of new cultivars with enhanced resistance to Soybean mosaic virus to thereby increase soybean productivity.

A method for enzymatic sulfurylation of a substrate is provided which includes the steps of reacting the substrate with 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in a medium containing a bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae to produce a sulfated derivative of the substrate, and collecting the sulfated derivative from the medium, wherein the bacterium has been modified to produce, at least, a protein having sulfotransferase activity, and to attenuate expression of an aphA gene, a cysQ gene, or a cpdB gene, or a combination of these.

The present invention relates to a Lactobacillus strain having antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, a culture medium of the strain, and a cell-free supernatant of the strain, and to an antimicrobial composition containing the same, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Gardnerella vaginalis infection or Candida albicans infection containing the same, a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of vaginitis containing the same, a health functional food for prevention or ameliorating of vaginitis containing the same, and a quasi-drug composition for prevention or amelioration of vaginitis containing the same. The Lactobacillus paracasei MG4272 strain in accordance with the present disclosure has excellent antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, and has excellent acid resistance, bile resistance, autoaggregation ability and epithelial cell adhesion ability and is suitable for probiotics and thus may be used in various ways for the prevention or treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis infection, Candida albicans infection and vaginitis.

The present invention relates to a lactobacillus strain having antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, a culture medium of the strain, and a cell-free supernatant of the strain, and to a antimicrobial composition containing the same, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Gardnerella vaginalis infection or Candida albicans infection containing the same, a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of vaginitis containing the same, a health functional food for prevention or ameliorating of vaginitis containing the same, and a quasi-drug composition for prevention or ameliorating of vaginitis containing the same. The Lactobacillus paracasei MG4272 strain in accordance with the present disclosure has excellent antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, and has excellent acid resistance, bile resistance, autoaggregation ability and epithelial cell adhesion ability and is suitable for probiotics and thus may be used in various ways for the composition of prevention or treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis infection, Candida albicans infection and vaginitis.

The present invention provides enzymes that have been optimized by implementation of Protein Repair One Stop Shop (PROSS), an algorithm that generates protein design(s) for enhanced stability without changing either enzymatic properties or enzyme active site conformation of the respective enzyme. The protein design(s) generated by PROSS introduce mutations to the amino acid sequence of a wild-type protein, resulting in a mutated amino acid sequence that encodes a variant of the wild-type enzyme, i.e., an enzyme variant, which has an enhanced stability, core packing, surface polarity and backbone rigidity, a higher functional expression, and/or a combination thereof, compared to the stability core packing, surface polarity and backbone rigidity, functional expression and/or a combination thereof, of the wild-type enzyme.

Provided are phytase mutants, preparation methods therefor and uses thereof, DNA molecule encoding each of the phytase mutants, a vector comprising the DNA molecule, and a host cell comprising the vector.

Provided herein are methods, compositions, and non-naturally occurring microbial organism for preparing compounds such as 1-butanol, butyric acid, succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1-pentanol, pentanoic acid, glutaric acid, 1,5-pentanediol, 1-hexanol, hexanoic acid, adipic acid, 1,6-hexanediol, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, -Caprolactone, 6-amino-hexanoic acid, -Caprolactam, hexamethylenediamine, linear fatty acids and linear fatty alcohols that are between 7-25 carbons long, linear alkanes and linear -alkenes that are between 6-24 carbons long, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid comprising: a) converting a C.sub.N aldehyde and pyruvate to a C.sub.N+3 -hydroxyketone intermediate through an aldol addition; and b) converting the C.sub.N+3 -hydroxyketone intermediate to the compounds through enzymatic steps, or a combination of enzymatic and chemical steps.

An acid phosphatase mutant, and method for preparing nicotinamide riboside by same. The mutant is a protein of the following (a), (b) or (c): (a) a protein, having an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; (b) a protein, derived from (a), having catalytic activity higher than an acid phosphatase parent having an amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, obtained by substituting, deleting or adding several amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, using nicotinamide mononucleotide as a substrate; (c) a protein, having catalytic activity higher than the acid phosphatase shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, having 90% or more homology with the amino acid sequence of the protein defined by (a) or (b), and using nicotinamide mononucleotide as a substrate. It is used to prepare nicotinamide riboside and the conversion rate can be 99%.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms containing a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms selectively produce a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid of a specified length. Also provided are non-naturally occurring microbial organisms having a fatty alcohol, fatty aldehyde or fatty acid pathway, wherein the microbial organisms further include an acetyl-CoA pathway. In some aspects, the microbial organisms of the invention have select gene disruptions or enzyme attenuations that increase production of fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes or fatty acids. The invention additionally provides methods of using the above microbial organisms to produce a fatty alcohol, a fatty aldehyde or a fatty acid.