The present invention provides a method of treating myointimal proliferation by administering a recombinant human soluble ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (hsNPP1), active fragment or fusion protein thereof.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating disease and disorders associated with pathological calcification or pathological ossification by modulating the level or activity of NPP1 or a mutant thereof, or a mutant NPP4 modified to exhibit ATP hydrolase activity similar to the hydrolase activity of NPP1.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating diseases or disorders associated with pathological calcification or pathological ossification. In certain embodiments, the diseases or disorders are selected from the group consisting of Generalized Arterial Calcification of Infancy (GACI), Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification (IIAC), Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL), hypophosphatemic rickets, osteoarthritis, calcification of atherosclerotic plaques, PXE, hereditary and non-hereditary forms of osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, hardening of the arteries occurring with aging, calciphylaxis resulting from end stage renal disease and progeria.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing renal and/or kidney stones in a human subject. In certain embodiments, the subject is administered certain ENPP1 polypeptides or ENPP3 polypeptides, mutants, or mutant fragments thereof.

In certain aspects, the present invention provides novel soluble ENPP1 or ENPP3 polypeptides, as well as compositions and methods for using those variants to treat an indication associated an ENPP1 or ENPP3 deficiency. The compositions and methods provided herein are useful in treating diseases associated with an ENPP1 or ENPP3 deficiency such as pathological calcification or pathological ossification.

The invention concerns an alginate hydrogel or a new composition derived therefrom further comprising another calcium chelator such as sodium thiosulfate and/or calcium crystal solubilizer or inhibitor, and their use in the treatment of ectopic calcifications or disorders comprising ectopic calcifications.

The present invention provides a method of treating NPP1 deficiency or NPP1-associated disease such as idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC), pseudoxanthoma elasticum, vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease (VCCKD), insulin resistance, hypophosphatemic rickets, myocardial ischemia, joint calcification, angioid streaks, and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. The present invention provides a method for treating tissue calcification by administering soluble NPP1 to produce a transient increase in serum pyrophosphate levels.

The present invention relates to methods for diagnosing, monitoring or prognosticating prostate cancer or the progression state of prostate cancer wherein said method determines the state of the prostate cancer, based on the expression level of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) variants. The invention further relates to a method of identifying an individual for eligibility for prostate cancer therapy. The invention also relates to products for the analysis of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) variants as well as pharmaceutical compositions modulating the activity and/or expression of PDE4D variants.

The present invention includes compositions and methods for treating stroke in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. In certain embodiments, the patient is administered certain ENPP1- or ENNP3-containing polypeptides, mutants, or mutant fragments thereof.

There are provided, inter alia, methods for reacting an enzyme and its substrate, methods for purifying a protein and an enzyme reactor and its use thereof.