A fungicidal composition comprising a mixture of components (A) and (B), wherein components (A) and (B) are as defined in claim 1, and use of the compositions in agriculture or horticulture for controlling or preventing infestation of plants by phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably fungi.

Disclosed herein are methods of making pure chalcogenide (e.g., selenium, tellurium, or selenium/tellurium) nanoparticles by irradiating chalcogenide pellets by nano-second laser ablation using chitosan as a capping agent to form chitosan chalcogenide nanoparticles (CS-CgNPs). CS-CgNPs and methods of using such particles are also disclosed herein, such as antimicrobials and antimicrobial coatings effective against biofilms.

Disclosed herein are methods of making pure chalcogenide (e.g., selenium, tellurium, or selenium/tellurium) nanoparticles by irradiating chalcogenide pellets by nano-second laser ablation using chitosan as a capping agent to form chitosan chalcogenide nanoparticles (CS-CgNPs). CS-CgNPs and methods of using such particles are also disclosed herein, such as antimicrobials and antimicrobial coatings effective against biofilms.

Disclosed herein are methods of making pure chalcogenide (e.g., selenium, tellurium, or selenium/tellurium) nanoparticles by irradiating chalcogenide pellets by nano-second laser ablation using chitosan as a capping agent to form chitosan chalcogenide nanoparticles (CS-CgNPs). CS-CgNPs and methods of using such particles are also disclosed herein, such as antimicrobials and antimicrobial coatings effective against biofilms.

There is described a composition comprising a microparticle component and a highly potent active agent encapsulated in the microparticle.

There is described a composition comprising a microparticle component and a highly potent active agent encapsulated in the microparticle.

There is described a composition comprising a microparticle component and a highly potent active agent encapsulated in the microparticle.

Some embodiments relate to herbicide compositions and methods of inducing phyotoxicity in a plant, by administering an aqueous composition to foliar portions of the plant. This aqueous composition includes at least one nutrient, and at least one adjuvant, and has a pH of about 4 to about 7. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises an organic or mineral acid. In some embodiments, the phytotoxicity is topical. In some embodiments, the phytoxicity is systemic. Without being limited by theory, the nutrient is absorbed by the plant in excess, thereby killing the plant.

Some embodiments relate to herbicide compositions and methods of inducing phyotoxicity in a plant, by administering an aqueous composition to foliar portions of the plant. This aqueous composition includes at least one nutrient, and at least one adjuvant, and has a pH of about 4 to about 7. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition comprises an organic or mineral acid. In some embodiments, the phytotoxicity is topical. In some embodiments, the phytoxicity is systemic. Without being limited by theory, the nutrient is absorbed by the plant in excess, thereby killing the plant.

The invention provides a compound of formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein X, Y, Z, R′, R.sup.2, and X.sup.+ have any of the values described in the specification. The compounds are useful to increase plant growth and/or to increase harvest yield.