A formulation containing an extract of a tobacco plant enriched for a compound of formula (I), or a salt or crystal thereof, where the formulation is used for reducing the infestation of ectoparasites:

##STR00001##

where

R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, and represents a double bond.

A formulation containing an extract of a tobacco plant enriched for a compound of formula (I), or a salt or crystal thereof, where the formulation is used for reducing the infestation of ectoparasites:

##STR00001##

where

R represents hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkyl, and represents a double bond.

The present disclosure provides methods for treating and preventing foot pain, muscle soreness, inflammation or an inflammatory-related disorder, and itch with the administration of compositions comprising pine resin. Also provided are methods of repelling an insect by applying to a subject composition comprising pine resin.

The present disclosure provides methods for treating and preventing foot pain, muscle soreness, inflammation or an inflammatory-related disorder, and itch with the administration of compositions comprising pine resin. Also provided are methods of repelling an insect by applying to a subject composition comprising pine resin.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to chimeric pepper plants that produce pepper fruit having a yellow and red striped color, and to seeds that produce the chimeric pepper plants. Other aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods of generating and selecting chimeric pepper plants that produce pepper fruit having a yellow and red striped color, as well as methods of limiting propagation of off-type pepper plant progeny that produce pepper fruit of a single color.

A seed coating composition for coating plant seeds. The coating composition comprises a polymeric binder and/or resin, and a hydrolysed protein. The seed coating composition optionally comprises an agrochemical active and/or nutrient, and the composition is used to improve the seed's physical qualities, especially the seed's ability to resist drought or poor water conditions and/or high salinity conditions. There is also provided a method of making the formulations, and for treating seeds or bulbs with seed coating formulation.

A seed coating composition for coating plant seeds. The coating composition comprises a polymeric binder and/or resin, and a hydrolysed protein. The seed coating composition optionally comprises an agrochemical active and/or nutrient, and the composition is used to improve the seed's physical qualities, especially the seed's ability to resist drought or poor water conditions and/or high salinity conditions. There is also provided a method of making the formulations, and for treating seeds or bulbs with seed coating formulation.

A method for producing a fermentate including the steps of obtaining a fruit or vegetable extract, treating the extract with a hydrolytic enzyme, mixing the extract with a fermenting microorganism, water, and a growth media to produce a liquid composition; and incubating the liquid composition at a controlled temperature and a controlled pH to produce a fermentate. A method for killing or inhibiting the growth of a contaminating microorganism on or within a food product, and a food product including a fermentate having a cellular mass component from a fermenting microorganism, a fermented fruit or vegetable extract and a hydrolytic enzyme are disclosed. A fermentate produced by any one of the methods described is contemplated. The fermentate may be a concentrated liquid or a dry powder and has the ability to inhibit the growth of a contaminating microorganism by 100% when diluted to less than 5% (w/v).

A method for producing a fermentate including the steps of obtaining a fruit or vegetable extract, treating the extract with a hydrolytic enzyme, mixing the extract with a fermenting microorganism, water, and a growth media to produce a liquid composition; and incubating the liquid composition at a controlled temperature and a controlled pH to produce a fermentate. A method for killing or inhibiting the growth of a contaminating microorganism on or within a food product, and a food product including a fermentate having a cellular mass component from a fermenting microorganism, a fermented fruit or vegetable extract and a hydrolytic enzyme are disclosed. A fermentate produced by any one of the methods described is contemplated. The fermentate may be a concentrated liquid or a dry powder and has the ability to inhibit the growth of a contaminating microorganism by 100% when diluted to less than 5% (w/v).

The present invention relates to a broad-spectrum biocidal composition, with fungicidal and bactericidal activity, containing metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric thickeners, plant extracts, surfactants, and additives in an aqueous solvent, as well as the method for in situ production of said metal nanoparticles under controlled operating conditions: concentration, volumetric ratio, time, agitation, temperature, and pH, using plant extracts as reducing agents.