An edible dog chew toy includes: (i) a tough chewable material (e.g., a natural rawhide or a synthetic “rawhide-type” material); and (ii) one or more active ingredients that are useful for promoting a calming effect on a dog. The toy is extremely appetizing for dogs, and the smell and taste of the toy (or a treat member provided therein) constantly entices the dog to chew the toy over a substantial portion of the life of the toy.

Isoflavone-supplemented milk replacers fed to young animals during a pre-weaning provides isoflavones in the milk replacer at a level of about 700 mg per kilogram of the milk replacer, and/or provides about 450 mg of the supplemental isoflavone in at least about 1.5 pounds of the milk replacer by dry weight such that the animal ingests this amount of the isoflavone per day, and/or provides in the milk replacer at least about 50 mg of isoflavone per pound of the animal's birth weight is ingested per day. In response to ingesting the isoflavone-supplemented milk replacer, the young animal experiences improved performance.

Isoflavone-supplemented milk replacers fed to young animals during a pre-weaning provides isoflavones in the milk replacer at a level of about 700 mg per kilogram of the milk replacer, and/or provides about 450 mg of the supplemental isoflavone in at least about 1.5 pounds of the milk replacer by dry weight such that the animal ingests this amount of the isoflavone per day, and/or provides in the milk replacer at least about 50 mg of isoflavone per pound of the animal's birth weight is ingested per day. In response to ingesting the isoflavone-supplemented milk replacer, the young animal experiences improved performance.

A process is disclosed for obtaining citrus fiber from citrus peel. Citrus fiber is obtained having a c* close packing concentration value of less than 3.8 wt % anhydrous base. The citrus fiber can be used in food products, feed products, beverages, personal care products, pharmaceutical products or detergent products.

A process is disclosed for obtaining citrus fiber from citrus peel. Citrus fiber is obtained having a c* close packing concentration value of less than 3.8 wt % anhydrous base. The citrus fiber can be used in food products, feed products, beverages, personal care products, pharmaceutical products or detergent products.

A method of enhancing milk production efficiency in dairy cattle that comprises feeding the dairy cattle with a feed ration comprising a corn silage made from a brown midrib/floury-2 corn hybrid. Upon being fed to dairy cows, a feed ration comprising brown midrib/floury-2 corn silage provides at least about 4% higher in the amount of milk produced per unit of the feed intake, compared to a feed ration comprising non-brown midrib corn silage.

Compositions and methods for down-regulating genes through oral administration of RNAi molecule encapsulated in plant cells are provided.

Compositions and methods for down-regulating genes through oral administration of RNAi molecule encapsulated in plant cells are provided.

The invention pertains to a method for synthesizing a product of interest by culturing a microalgal cell producing the product of interest in the dark in a culture medium comprising an organic acid as a fixed carbon source, wherein the microalgal cell is a facultative heterotroph. The product of interest can be a microalgal biomass, a pigment, terpene, recombinant molecule, biogas, or a precursor thereof. In an embodiment, the culture medium comprises urea as a primary source of nitrogen. In one embodiment, the microalgal cell belongs to the order Chlamydomonadales. A method of identifying and isolating a microalgal cell having a preferred characteristic that is suitable for synthesis of a product of interest is also provided, the method comprising identifying and isolating a non-mutagenized or recombinant microalgal cell from a microalgal culture using a fluorescence activated cell sorting technique and/or a phototaxic response.

The invention pertains to a method for synthesizing a product of interest by culturing a microalgal cell producing the product of interest in the dark in a culture medium comprising an organic acid as a fixed carbon source, wherein the microalgal cell is a facultative heterotroph. The product of interest can be a microalgal biomass, a pigment, terpene, recombinant molecule, biogas, or a precursor thereof. In an embodiment, the culture medium comprises urea as a primary source of nitrogen. In one embodiment, the microalgal cell belongs to the order Chlamydomonadales. A method of identifying and isolating a microalgal cell having a preferred characteristic that is suitable for synthesis of a product of interest is also provided, the method comprising identifying and isolating a non-mutagenized or recombinant microalgal cell from a microalgal culture using a fluorescence activated cell sorting technique and/or a phototaxic response.