Materials and methods for producing nut butter replicas from individual components are provided herein.

The invention relates to compounds that specifically bind a T1R1/T1R3 or T1R2/T1R3 receptor or fragments or sub-units thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of hetero-oligomeric and chimeric taste receptors comprising T1R1/T1R3 and T1R2/T1R3 in assays to identify compounds that respectively respond to umami taste stimuli and sweet taste stimuli. Further, the invention relates to the constitutive of cell lines that stably or transiently co-express a combination of T1R1 and T1R3; or T1R2 and T1R3; under constitutive or inducible conditions. The use of these cells lines in cell-based assays to identify umami and sweet taste modulatory compounds is also provided, particularly high throughput screening assays that detect receptor activity by use of fluorometric imaging.

Described herein is a precursor compound of formula (I) releasing 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and a method to release 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline from the precursor compound of formula (I)

##STR00001##

in the form of any one of its stereoisomers, tautomers, salts or as a mixture thereof, where R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.10 hydrocarbon group optionally including one to three heteroatoms; X represents an amino acid, a peptide or a OR.sup.2 wherein R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group optionally including one to three heteroatoms and n is 0 when the dotted line represents a single bond or n is 1 when the dotted line represents no bond.

A flavour composition comprising a compound according to the formula (I) or edible salts thereof, ##STR00001##
wherein
R.sub.1 is an alkyl residue containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkene residue containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms with 1 to 6 double bonds, R.sub.1 together with the carbonyl group to which it is attached is a residue of a carboxylic acid, and NR.sub.2R.sub.3, in which R.sub.3 is H or together with R.sub.2 and the N-atom to which they are attached, a 5-membered ring, is a residue of an amino acid, in particular a proteinogenic amino acid, ornithine, gamma-aminobutyric acid or beta alanine, or a 1-amino cycloalkyl carboxylic acid.

Disclosed are TRPM8 modulators as defined by formula (I) for achieving a cooling effect on skin and mucosa.

Flavour modifying composition comprising one or more flavour modifying compounds of Formula I, product comprising said flavour modifying composition, use of said flavour modifying composition for modifying taste perception in foodstuffs and beverages and method of improving taste perception in a foodstuff or beverage comprising adding said flavour modifying composition to said foodstuff or beverage.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

The invention relates to a TRPM8 modulator for achieving a cooling effect on the skin or a mucous membrane.

This disclosure relates to flavour modification and to compounds of formula (I)

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkyl, and C.sub.6-C.sub.25 alkenyl, and a) R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are —C(O)CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—; or b) R.sup.3 is hydrogen and R.sup.2 is —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2C(O)NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,

useful in modifying flavours.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.