A composition for reducing damage associated with oxidative phosphorylation. The composition comprises an upregulating compound mixture configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system, an exogenous antioxidant mixture configured to inhibit oxidation of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species, and a mineral mixture configured to provide one or more cofactors to a endogenous antioxidant enzyme. The endogenous antioxidant system includes a Nrf2 transcription factors that promotes transcription of antioxidant genes.

A composition for reducing damage associated with oxidative phosphorylation. The composition comprises an upregulating compound mixture configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system, an exogenous antioxidant mixture configured to inhibit oxidation of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species, and a mineral mixture configured to provide one or more cofactors to a endogenous antioxidant enzyme. The endogenous antioxidant system includes a Nrf2 transcription factors that promotes transcription of antioxidant genes.

Methods for delivering at least one compound selected from nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, in combination with at least one of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6), to an infant human subject in need of said compound or compounds are provided.

Methods for delivering at least one compound selected from nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, in combination with at least one of thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), niacin (vitamin B3), and pyridoxine (vitamin B6), to an infant human subject in need of said compound or compounds are provided.

The embodiments disclose a method including processing and treating at least one water source supply for mixing with humic acid and fulvic acid, chopping and pulverizing at least one humate source, mixing the chopped and pulverized at least one humate source with the processed and treated at least one water source supply, processing the chopped and pulverized at least one humate source and the processed and treated at least one water source supply for separating, segregating, and suspending fulvic acid and humic acid molecules from the at least one humate source, storing the fulvic acid and humic acid molecules in a fresh quantity of the treated water source supply, adjusting the pH level of the stored fulvic acid and humic acid, and creating at least one or more beverage product for human consumption using the fulvic acid and humic acid molecule ingredients and other ingredients including vitamins, flavorings and additives.

The embodiments disclose a method including processing and treating at least one water source supply for mixing with humic acid and fulvic acid, chopping and pulverizing at least one humate source, mixing the chopped and pulverized at least one humate source with the processed and treated at least one water source supply, processing the chopped and pulverized at least one humate source and the processed and treated at least one water source supply for separating, segregating, and suspending fulvic acid and humic acid molecules from the at least one humate source, storing the fulvic acid and humic acid molecules in a fresh quantity of the treated water source supply, adjusting the pH level of the stored fulvic acid and humic acid, and creating at least one or more beverage product for human consumption using the fulvic acid and humic acid molecule ingredients and other ingredients including vitamins, flavorings and additives.

Disclosed herein is a method for producing modified gum arabic, the method comprising: providing gum arabic; heating said gum arabic, resulting in heat-treated gum arabic; dissolving said heat-treated gum arabic in a solution; optionally, filtering said solution containing said dissolved gum arabic; and subjecting said solution containing said dissolved gum arabic to spray-drying. Further disclosed herein is a gum arabic from Acacia Senegal having (i) a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) of ≥3.8.Math.10.sup.6 Da, and/or (ii) a RMS-radius of gyration (R.sub.g) of ≥140 nm.

Disclosed herein is a method for producing modified gum arabic, the method comprising: providing gum arabic; heating said gum arabic, resulting in heat-treated gum arabic; dissolving said heat-treated gum arabic in a solution; optionally, filtering said solution containing said dissolved gum arabic; and subjecting said solution containing said dissolved gum arabic to spray-drying. Further disclosed herein is a gum arabic from Acacia Senegal having (i) a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w) of ≥3.8.Math.10.sup.6 Da, and/or (ii) a RMS-radius of gyration (R.sub.g) of ≥140 nm.

A new means of creating a standardized honey that can be used for a variety of uses. One example is a honey product that protects the stomach and inhibits H. pylori. This product has a consistent minimal antimicrobial effect. The honey may be standardized to pH, organic acid level, mineral levels, aldehyde levels, and polyphenol levels. Molasses or natural syrup may be substituted for honey. Other variations are honey that is supplemented with molasses, natural syrup, standardized molasses and/or standardized natural syrup.

A new means of creating a standardized honey that can be used for a variety of uses. One example is a honey product that protects the stomach and inhibits H. pylori. This product has a consistent minimal antimicrobial effect. The honey may be standardized to pH, organic acid level, mineral levels, aldehyde levels, and polyphenol levels. Molasses or natural syrup may be substituted for honey. Other variations are honey that is supplemented with molasses, natural syrup, standardized molasses and/or standardized natural syrup.