A composition comprising or consisting of L-theanine and one or more fructooligosaccharides, wherein the ratio of L-theanine to froctooligosaccharide(s) is of about 2:1 to 99:1. A composition in the form of a food or nutraceutical, and also in the form of a powder, granules, suspension, tablet, capsule, lozenge, bakery item, sweets, drink, beverage or oral preparation.

A composition comprising or consisting of L-theanine and one or more fructooligosaccharides, wherein the ratio of L-theanine to froctooligosaccharide(s) is of about 2:1 to 99:1. A composition in the form of a food or nutraceutical, and also in the form of a powder, granules, suspension, tablet, capsule, lozenge, bakery item, sweets, drink, beverage or oral preparation.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising ethyl vanillin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective ingredient for preventing or treating muscle disease or for improving a muscle function. Having the capability of upregulating the expression of a protein associated with muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass increase in myocytes and downregulating at an mRNA level the expression of an enzyme involved in muscle protein degradation, ethyl vanillin can exhibit effects of muscle differentiation, muscle regeneration, and muscle strengthening through an increase in muscle mass against muscle diseases attributed to muscle function decrease, muscle consumption, or muscle degradation and can suppress sarcopenia. Thus, ethyl vanillin can be used for preventing or treating muscle diseases or for promoting muscle differentiation, muscle regeneration and muscle strengthening, muscle mass increase, or muscle generation or for improving muscle function.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising ethyl vanillin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an effective ingredient for preventing or treating muscle disease or for improving a muscle function. Having the capability of upregulating the expression of a protein associated with muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass increase in myocytes and downregulating at an mRNA level the expression of an enzyme involved in muscle protein degradation, ethyl vanillin can exhibit effects of muscle differentiation, muscle regeneration, and muscle strengthening through an increase in muscle mass against muscle diseases attributed to muscle function decrease, muscle consumption, or muscle degradation and can suppress sarcopenia. Thus, ethyl vanillin can be used for preventing or treating muscle diseases or for promoting muscle differentiation, muscle regeneration and muscle strengthening, muscle mass increase, or muscle generation or for improving muscle function.

A composition for reducing damage associated with oxidative phosphorylation. The composition comprises an upregulating compound mixture configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system, an exogenous antioxidant mixture configured to inhibit oxidation of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species, and a mineral mixture configured to provide one or more cofactors to a endogenous antioxidant enzyme. The endogenous antioxidant system includes a Nrf2 transcription factors that promotes transcription of antioxidant genes.

A composition for reducing damage associated with oxidative phosphorylation. The composition comprises an upregulating compound mixture configured to upregulate an endogenous antioxidant system, an exogenous antioxidant mixture configured to inhibit oxidation of biomolecules by reactive oxygen species, and a mineral mixture configured to provide one or more cofactors to a endogenous antioxidant enzyme. The endogenous antioxidant system includes a Nrf2 transcription factors that promotes transcription of antioxidant genes.

Bitter blocker composition, comprising caffeine and a mixture including Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, K.sup.30, Na.sup.+, HCO.sub.3.sup.−,SO.sub.4.sup.2−, Cl.sup.−, and β-alanine.

Bitter blocker composition, comprising caffeine and a mixture including Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, K.sup.30, Na.sup.+, HCO.sub.3.sup.−,SO.sub.4.sup.2−, Cl.sup.−, and β-alanine.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a perchlorate depleted milk based on nanofiltration of dairy raw materials. The invention further relates to methods for the preparation of an infant formula base using said perchlorate depleted milk. The invention also envisages a perchlorate depleted retentate fraction used to produce a perchlorate depleted milk and infant formula, an assortment comprising said formula and a system for the manufacture of an infant formula comprising a nanofiltration module.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a perchlorate depleted milk based on nanofiltration of dairy raw materials. The invention further relates to methods for the preparation of an infant formula base using said perchlorate depleted milk. The invention also envisages a perchlorate depleted retentate fraction used to produce a perchlorate depleted milk and infant formula, an assortment comprising said formula and a system for the manufacture of an infant formula comprising a nanofiltration module.