Described herein are food ingredients made up of oligosaccharide compositions, and methods of producing such food ingredients, as well as methods of using such food ingredients in food products. The present application addresses this need in the art by providing oligosaccharide compositions that have similar physical characteristics to commercially available carbohydrate sources, such as fiber, but lower metabolic energy. Methods of producing such oligosaccharide compositions suitable for use in food products are also provided herein.

Described herein are food ingredients made up of oligosaccharide compositions, and methods of producing such food ingredients, as well as methods of using such food ingredients in food products. The present application addresses this need in the art by providing oligosaccharide compositions that have similar physical characteristics to commercially available carbohydrate sources, such as fiber, but lower metabolic energy. Methods of producing such oligosaccharide compositions suitable for use in food products are also provided herein.

The present invention relates to compositions comprising 2′-Fucosyllactose (2′-FL), for use in the reduction of nociception in an infant or in a young child by increasing Kynurenic acid production by the microbiota of an infant or a young child consuming the nutritional composition in the form of a growing up milk. The compositions are in particular useful in reducing abdominal pain, such as pain associated with infantile colic, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and/or recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), and consequently also contribute to reducing the crying periods and to improving the quality of sleep and the general quality of life of the infants and young children.

The invention concerns the use of fucosylated non-digestible human milk oligosaccharide, or a composition comprising a fucosylated non-digestible human milk oligosaccharide, for use in improving immune fitness in a human subject, wherein the human subject is male.

The invention concerns the use of fucosylated non-digestible human milk oligosaccharide, or a composition comprising a fucosylated non-digestible human milk oligosaccharide, for use in improving immune fitness in a human subject, wherein the human subject is male.

Tri- and tetra-saccharides are used in foods, beverages and other consumable products to mask or reduce the unpleasant taste of certain components also present in such products, such as the bitter taste of certain high intensity sweeteners. The organoleptic qualities of the products are thereby improved. In particular, melezitose, maltotriose and maltotetraose effectively reduce the bitterness of consumable products containing steviol glycosides such as rebaudioside A.

This disclosure features human milk permeates and compositions containing the same obtained from fractionated whole human milk. The oligosaccharide rich permeate and permeate compositions of the present invention are useful as nutritional supplements for pre-term and full term infants, for establishing or maintaining gut flora and for treating the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.

This disclosure features human milk permeates and compositions containing the same obtained from fractionated whole human milk. The oligosaccharide rich permeate and permeate compositions of the present invention are useful as nutritional supplements for pre-term and full term infants, for establishing or maintaining gut flora and for treating the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.

A method for determining the flexion or extension of a joint of a human or animal subject, comprising: applying a plurality of strain gauges to the joint in a known configuration; applying a first inertial measurement unit, IMU, to each strain gauge; receiving strain data from each of the strain gauges; receiving motion data from each of the IMUs; and calculating the flexion or extension of the joint in dependence on the received strain data, motion data and the configuration of the strain gauges.

A method for determining the flexion or extension of a joint of a human or animal subject, comprising: applying a plurality of strain gauges to the joint in a known configuration; applying a first inertial measurement unit, IMU, to each strain gauge; receiving strain data from each of the strain gauges; receiving motion data from each of the IMUs; and calculating the flexion or extension of the joint in dependence on the received strain data, motion data and the configuration of the strain gauges.