Computer-implemented digital image analysis methods, apparatuses, and systems for robotic installation of surgical implants are disclosed. A disclosed apparatus plans a route within an anatomy of a patient from an incision site to a surgical implant site for robotic installation of a surgical implant. The apparatus uses digital imaging data to identify less-invasive installation paths and determine the dimensions of the surgical implant components being used. The apparatus segments the surgical implant into surgical implant subcomponents and modifies the surgical implant subcomponents, such that they can be inserted using the identified less-invasive installation paths.

An electronic endoscope processor includes a converting means for converting each piece of pixel data that is made up of n (n≥3) types of color components and constitutes a color image of a biological tissue in a body cavity into a piece of pixel data that is made up of m (m≥2) types of color components, m being smaller than n; an evaluation value calculating means for calculating, for each pixel of the color image, an evaluation value related to a target illness based on the converted pieces of pixel data that are made up of m types of color components; and a lesion index calculating means for calculating a lesion index for each of a plurality of types of lesions related to the target illness based on the evaluation values calculated for the pixels of the color image.

A visualization system including multiple light sources, an image sensor configured to detect imaging data from the multiple light sources, and a control circuit is disclosed. At least one of the light sources is configured to emit a pattern of structured light. The control circuit is configured to receive the imaging data from the image sensor, generate a three-dimensional digital representation of the anatomical structure from the pattern of structured light detected by the imaging data, obtain metadata from the imaging data, overlay the metadata on the three-dimensional digital representation, receive updated imaging data from the image sensor, and generate an updated three-dimensional digital representation of the anatomical structure based on the updated imaging data. The visualization system can be communicatively coupled to a situational awareness module configured to determine a surgical scenario based on input signals from multiple surgical devices.

A biological observation system includes: a light source apparatus configured to supply a first illuminating light, and a second illuminating light, while switching between the first illuminating light and the second illuminating light; an image pickup device configured to receive light from an object at each of a plurality of pixels having different sensitivities, and picks up an image; a color separation processing portion configured to separate, from respective color components, a color component obtained when an image of light of a predetermined wavelength band is picked up by a pixel having the greatest sensitivity to the light in the predetermined wavelength band; and a control portion configured to cause different processing to be performed between a case where an inputted image pickup signal corresponds to the first illuminating light and a case where an inputted image pickup signal corresponds to the second illuminating light.

A focus control device includes a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to implement: an area setting process that sets a plurality of areas, each including a plurality of pixels, on a captured image acquired by an imaging section, an evaluation value calculation process that calculates an AF (Autofocus) evaluation value for each of the plurality of set areas, a bright spot influence rate calculation process that calculates a bright spot influence rate for each of the plurality of set areas, based on whether or not the area includes a high luminance portion determined to have a size equal to or larger than a given size, and focus control based on the AF evaluation value and the bright spot influence rate.

Provided is a biological observation apparatus including: illuminating portions that irradiate biological tissue with illumination light including light in R, G, and B regions, respectively; an image acquisition portion that acquires image signals from reflected light of the illumination light coming from the biological tissue; narrow-band-light generating portions that are disposed in the illuminating portions or the image acquisition portion and that, in wavelength bands of the illumination light, generate two narrow-band beams for at least one of the R, G, and B wavelength bands constituting the illumination light, on either side of a central wavelength of that wavelength band; and an image-generating portion that generates an image on the basis of two or more types of the image signals obtained from the reflected light including two or more narrow bands acquired by the image acquisition portion.

Systems and methods are disclosed for processing and storing acquired data relating to one or more dental conditions. The methods can include acquiring a first oral feature in a first data acquisition using a data acquisition device, determining a first oral feature first reference point from the first data acquisition, diagnosing a first dental condition upon confirming that the first oral feature first reference point is associated with the first dental condition, acquiring the first oral feature in a second data acquisition using the data acquisition device, determining a first oral feature second reference point from the second data acquisition, and tracking the progression of the first dental condition by determining a discrepancy between the first oral feature first and second reference points.

A method for enhanced surgical navigation, and a system performing the method and displaying graphical user interfaces associated with the method. A 3D spatial map of a surgical site is generated using a 3D endoscope including a camera source and an IR scan source. The method includes detecting a needle tip protruding from an anatomy and determining a needle protrusion distance corresponding to a distance between the needle tip and a surface of the anatomy using the 3D spatial map. A position of a surgical tool in the 3D spatial map is detected and a determination is made by the system indicative of whether the needle protrusion distance is sufficient for grasping by the surgical tool. A warning is generated when it is determined that the needle protrusion distance is not sufficient for grasping by the surgical tool.

Embodiments of the invention provide a method and system that allows parameters of a desired target image to be determined from hyperspectral imagery of scene. The parameters may be representative of various aspects of the scene being imaged, particularly representative of physical properties of the scene. For example, in some medical imaging contexts, the property being imaged may be blood perfusion or oxygenation saturation level information per pixel. In one embodiment the parameters are obtained by collecting lower temporal and spatial resolution hyperspectral imagery, and then building a virtual hypercube of the information having a higher spatial resolution using a spatiospectral aware demosaicking process, the virtual hypercube then being used for estimation of the desired parameters at the higher spatial resolution. Alternatively, in another embodiment, instead of building the virtual hypercube and then performing the estimation, a joint demosaicking and parameter estimation operation is performed to obtain the parameters. Various white level and spectral calibration operations may also be performed to improve the results obtained. While establishing functional and technical requirements of an intraoperative system for surgery, we present iHSI system embodiments that allows for real-time wide-field HSI and responsive surgical guidance in a highly constrained operating theatre. Two exemplar embodiments exploiting state-of-the-art industrial HSI cameras, respectively using linescan and snapshot imaging technology, were investigated by performing assessments against established design criteria and ex vivo tissue experiments. We further report the use of one real-time iHSI embodiment during an ethically-approved in-patient clinical feasibility case study as part of a spinal fusion surgery therefore successfully validating our assumptions that our invention can be seamlessly integrated into the operating theatre without interrupting the surgical workflow.

According to embodiments, a substantially coaxial arrangement of a camera, a light source, and an ultrasonic sensor can be positioned in an housing of a system that can be deployed from the tool port of a standard bronchoscope. Illumination from the light source facilitates positioning of the system by an operator using information from the camera. The ultrasonic system can determine when an object to be biopsied is adjacent to a biopsy needle.