A medical image processing apparatus includes an image processor configured to: receive a plurality of first image data captured at different times and generated by illumination of light in a first wavelength band in sequence; receive a plurality of second image data captured at different times and generated by illumination of light in a second wavelength band different from the first wavelength band in sequence; generate first and second images based on the received first and second image data, respectively; and output the generated first image and second image to a display in chronological order of the first and second images and in accordance with a preset display pattern of the first and second images.

Methods, endoscopic systems, and non-transitory, machine-readable storage media for adjusting an exposure of an endoscopic system are described. In an embodiment, the methods include emitting light with a light source into a proximal end of an endoscope light pipe; generating received light signals with a photodetector based on light received through the endoscope light pipe by the photodetector; displaying, with a display module, images based on the received light signals having a current image brightness; monitoring the received light signals for changes to the current image brightness; and adjusting a light source illuminance level, and in some embodiments a photodetector gain and exposure time, based on the current image brightness to maintain a target image brightness of the display module. In an embodiment, a brightness adjustment step size is less than a just-noticeable difference in brightness of an eye and is directly proportional to the current image brightness.

A camera system for use with retractors. The system includes a camera assembly configured for mounting on the proximal end of a retractor system, such as the proximal end of a blade such that the entirety of the camera assembly is disposed at the proximal end of the retractor system may be disposed such that the distal-most optical element overhangs the working channel established by the retractor, and includes a reflector and a rotatable mount for the reflector, camera assembly viewing axis may be altered without changing the position of the entire camera assembly.

A scanning observation apparatus (10) deflects illumination light with an actuator (25) through an illumination optical system (26) to scan an object (32), subjects light from the object (32) to photoelectric conversion with an optical detector (44), performs processing with an image processor (46), and displays an image of the object (32) on a display (60). A memory (35) stores information on optical characteristics related to chromatic aberration of magnification of the illumination optical system (26) relative to light of predetermined colors. A scanning pattern calculator (45) calculates a scanning pattern, on the object (32), of light of each color using the information. Using the scanning pattern, the image processor (46) calibrates a plot position yielded by a photoelectric conversion signal from the optical detector (44) for light of each color and generates an image of the object (32), thereby more easily correcting the chromatic aberration of magnification.

A medical tool includes: a tool main unit configured to be driven in response to a power supply; a first power supply configured to be removable from the tool main unit; and a second power supply having a smaller power capacity than the first power supply, and configured to be charged by the first power supply. The tool main unit is configured to be driven by receiving power supply from one of the first power supply and the second power supply.

Provided is a light emitting device including a light source that emits primary light; and a wavelength converter that includes a first phosphor that absorbs the primary light and emits first wavelength-converted light, wherein the light emitting device emits output light including the first wavelength-converted light, the first wavelength-converted light is near-infrared light having a fluorescence intensity maximum value within a wavelength range of 700 nm or more and less than 800 nm, the first wavelength-converted light mainly contains a broad fluorescent component based on an electron energy transition of .sup.4T.sub.2.fwdarw..sup.4A.sub.2 of Cr.sup.3+, and the broad fluorescent component has a fluorescence spectrum half-width that is less than 100 nm.

A light emitting device irradiates a surgical area with first wavelength light and second wavelength light. A wobbling operation of a focus lens included in an imaging device is controlled according to an emission timing of the first wavelength light and the second wavelength light when the surgical area is alternately irradiated with the first wavelength light and the second wavelength light. The present disclosure can be applied to an endoscopic surgical system, for example.

A wireless camera system includes a wireless camera for use in endoscopic procedures. The wireless camera can releasably couple with an endoscope (e.g., with a cordless disposable endoscope). The wireless camera can wirelessly transmit data to a controller, which can provide data output (e.g., snapshot images, video recording captured by the wireless camera) to an electronic display and to one or more data outputs (e.g., USB drive or other portable memory stick, to a remote computer or computer network, hard disk, compact flash drive, email, etc.).

A system and method for estimating a pose of an imaging device for one or more images is provided.

A method of multimodal scanning may include generating surface scan data of an intraoral structured using structured light. The method may include generating volumetric scan data of an internal structure of the intraoral structure with OCT scanning. The OCT scan data may be aligned with the surface scan data. A three-dimensional volumetric model of the patient's dentition may be generated based on the aligned OCT scan data and the surface scan data.