An objective optical system for endoscope consists of a front group having a negative refractive power, an aperture stop, and a rear group having a positive refractive power. The front group consists of a first lens having a negative refractive power and a second lens having a positive refractive power. The rear group consists of a third lens having a positive refractive power, a cemented lens of a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power, and a sixth lens having a positive refractive power. A shape of the second lens is a meniscus shape having a convex surface directed toward an image side. The sixth lens is cemented to a plane parallel plate, and the following conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied:
1.0<f3/d6<2.8  (1)
1.7<|f1/f1<10  (2).

A direct vision cryosurgical and methods of use are described herein where the device may generally comprise an elongated rigid structure with a distal end, a proximal end, and a central lumen. The distal end may comprise a non-coring optically transparent needle tip with at least one lateral fenestration in communication with the central lumen. The distal end may also house at least one imaging device configured for distal imaging. A proximal end of the device may comprise a handle with a means for connecting the imaging device(s) to an imaging display(s), and a means for accessing bodily tissue in the vicinity of the distal end with a cryo-ablation probe through the central lumen and the lateral fenestration(s) for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

A laryngoscope blade which improves the transmission of light from the laryngoscope to enhance the amount of light reflected from an area of interest in a patient. The laryngoscope blade has a channel which extends at least partially though the blade and receives a light source. The channel has a substantially transparent end face which is situated towards the blade end and has an optical clement adapted to reduce the ambient light signal from the light source in the channel.

Various embodiments comprise endoscopes (e.g., arthroscopes) for viewing inside a cavity of a body. The endoscopes may include a tip, at least one solid-state emitter such as light emitting diode (LED), located at the distal end of the endoscope, an elongated member. The elongated member may include a plurality of lenses for transmitting light received from the tip member and an elongated conducting member for providing electric power to the solid-state emitter. The elongated conducting member may include conducting lines embedded in a flexible elongated insulating membrane. The tip member and the elongated member may be configured to dissipate heat generated by the solid-state emitter.

A medical device comprising a handle, a shaft extending from the handle, and an inflatable module at a distal portion of the shaft, the module including a camera, wherein the shaft includes a body defining a first channel extending between a first end configured to be in fluid communication with a fluid source, and a second end in fluid communication with the module, and wherein inflation of the module alters a viewing angle of the camera relative to an axis of the distal portion of the shaft.

An air gap retractor illumination system includes any suitable retractor such as a McCulloch with a channel in the blade to accommodate an air gap illuminator. The illuminator is preferably made from a suitable light conducting plastic material such as acrylic or polycarbonate or silicone. The illuminator has active portions in which light passes and inactive or dead zones in which light does not pass as a result of the configuration and orientation of the input, output and surfaces of the illuminator. The illuminator is formed to have an air gap surrounding any active portion of the illuminator extending from the light input to the light output portion. The dead zones may include elements to allow the illuminator to securely engage the retractor. The light output portion of the illuminator contains from two to eight output zones, each zone having specially designed output optical structures that control and direct light to escape the illuminator to shine onto a predetermined area of interest or to form one or more predetermined shapes or footprints.

Described herein is a video laryngoscope apparatus for inspection of an oral cavity region of a patient is disclosed. The video laryngoscope includes an apparatus body, a camera arm unit configured to receive and releasably attach thereto a disposable laryngoscope blade, a light source coupled to the camera arm unit, a communication unit, and a power source. The apparatus body includes a proximal end and a distal end, and the apparatus body is elongate and configured to be hand-held by an operator of the video laryngoscope. The camera arm unit includes a proximal end and a distal end with a camera, and the proximal end of the camera arm unit is connected to the distal end of the apparatus body utilizing an adjustable rotary position linkage member. The communication unit is connected via a linkage device to the proximal end of the apparatus body, and the power source is housed by the apparatus body.

Provided are a treatment tool elevating mechanism and an ultrasonic endoscope capable of restraining an increase in diameter of an endoscope and bearing a load.

The treatment tool elevating mechanism includes: a rotary shaft portion that is supported so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis; an elevator that is connected to one end of the rotary shaft portion so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotary shaft portion; and an elevating lever that is connected to the other end of the rotary shaft portion so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotary shaft portion, in which a rotational force is applied to the elevating lever, and the rotational force is transmitted to the elevator through the rotary shaft portion, at least one fitted member of the elevating lever or the elevator has a fitting recessed portion that is open in a direction of the rotary shaft portion, the rotary shaft portion has a fitting protruding portion that is fitted into the fitting recessed portion so as to be non-rotatable relative to the fitting recessed portion, and the fitting protruding portion has a center of gravity at a position eccentric from the rotation axis in a cross-section perpendicular to the rotation axis.

An image reception unit receives a still image acquired by an endoscope system. The still image combination unit performs still image collation processing for collating an internal still image and an external still image out of the still images, combines the internal still image with the external still image on the basis of at least a result of the still image collation processing, and displays the combined internal still image and external still image on a service support display.

An illumination optical system for endoscope includes a rod lens as an optical element. The optical element includes a proximal end surface through which light enters and a distal end surface configured to emit the light. The distal end surface includes a diffusion region configured to diffuse emitted light. The diffusion region includes a plurality of concave portions and a plurality of peripheral regions surrounding the concave portions. Each concave portion includes a plurality of inclined surfaces as total reflection surfaces that are inclined with respect to the distal end surface. Each peripheral region includes a transmission surface configured to emit light totally reflected by the total reflection surfaces after passing through the proximal end surface and light not totally reflected by the total reflection surfaces.