A system for determining characteristics of tissue within a body of a patient may include a medical device. The medical device may include a distal end configured to be advanced within the body of the patient; at least one aperture at the distal end; a laser emitter operable to emit monochromatic light out from the distal end via the at least one aperture and onto target tissue; and at least one photodetector array. The at least one photodetector array may be configured to: receive light incident on the at least one aperture that is one or more of scattered by or reflected from the target tissue; and generate Raman spectroscopy image data based on monochromatic light incident on the at least one aperture, the Raman spectroscopy image data including an array of intensity values.

A probe is configured with a flushing port and an evacuation port to establish a flow path to remove blood from a resected tissue. The probe comprises a balloon configured to expand and contact the resected tissue to compress filaments and improve access to the underlying blood vessels for coagulation with an energy source. An endoscope can be used to view the tissue, and the balloon may comprise a transparent material or a viewing port to allow imaging of the bleeding tissue through the balloon. The probe may have a light source to illuminate the tissue with a beam oriented at an oblique angle to the tissue surface, which can decrease interference from blood and may allow more localized coagulation of the blood vessel.

An image processing apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention acquires a first image and a second image in a first image acquisition mode, or a second image acquisition mode in which a second image acquisition ratio is higher than in the first image acquisition mode, on the basis of a detection result of a specific target (whether or not a specific target has been detected, what type of specific target). For example, in accordance with whether or not a specific target has been detected and the type of specific target, the first image and the second image can be acquired in the first image acquisition mode in a case where the necessity for acquiring the second image is low, whereas the first image and the second image can be acquired in the second image acquisition mode, in which the second image acquisition ratio is high, in a case where the necessity for acquiring the second image is high.

Speckle removal in a pulsed fluorescence imaging system is described. A system includes a coherent light source for emitting pulses of coherent light, a fiber optic bundle connected to the coherent light source, and a vibrating mechanism attached to the fiber optic bundle. The system includes and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of coherent light emitted by the coherent light source comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 770 nm to about 790 nm.

A method of operating a surgical visualization system includes illuminating an anatomical field of a patient using a waveform transmitted by an emitter. The method also includes capturing an image of the anatomical field based on the waveform using a receiver. The emitter and the receiver are configured for multispectral imaging or hyperspectral imaging. The method also includes determining an adjustment to at one operating parameter of the surgical visualization system based on at least one environmental scene parameter. The method also includes automatically implementing the adjustment to the at least one operating parameter to aid in identification of at least one anatomical structure in the anatomical field.

A system may be provided which comprises an illumination source adapted to simultaneously illuminate a surgical site with spectral light comprising a first wavelength of light and a second wavelength of light, a first set of sensors comprising sensors adapted to detect visible light, and a second set of sensors comprising sensors adapted to detect the first wavelength of light; and sensors adapted to detect the second wavelength of light. In such a case, the system may also comprise a display coupled to a processor configured to display an enhanced image of the surgical site comprising a visible light image from data detected by the first set of sensors and an overlay identifying a target structure based on light detected by the second set of sensors while the surgical site is illuminated by spectral light comprising the first and second wavelengths of light.

A system comprises a waveguide apparatus comprising a plurality of input waveguides, a multimode waveguide, and a guided-wave transition coupling the plurality of input waveguides to the multimode waveguide. The system further comprises at least one light source configured to excite in turn each of a plurality of the input waveguides, or each of a plurality of combinations of the input waveguides, thereby generating a plurality of different light patterns in turn at an output of the waveguide apparatus. The waveguide apparatus is configured to direct each of the plurality of different light patterns to a target region. The system further comprises at least one detector configured to detect light transmitted, reflected or emitted from the target region in response to each of the different light patterns, and to output signals representing the detected light.

An apparatus, system and process for identifying one or more different tissue types are described. The method may include applying a configuration to one or more programmable light sources of an imaging system, where the configuration is obtained from a machine learning model trained to distinguish between the one or more different tissue types captured in image data. The method may also include illuminating a scene with the configured one or more programmable light sources, and capturing image data that includes one or more types of tissue depicted in the image data. Furthermore, the method may include analyzing color information in the captured image data with the machine learning model to identify at least one of the one or more different tissue types in the image data, and rendering a visualization of the scene from the captured image data that visually differentiates tissue types in the visualization.

The present invention, a handheld intraoral dental 3D camera comprising: a hand-held housing which includes: an optical unit comprising: an illuminating means for producing light, and a projecting means for projecting the light produced by the illuminating means onto a region of a tooth surface of a patient; a sensing unit for sensing an image of the projected light reflected by the region, characterized in that the illuminating means comprises a semiconductor laser for producing the light; and the projection means comprises phosphor which is arranged to receive the light produced by the semiconductor laser, wherein the projection means is further adapted to project the fluorescing light from the phosphor onto the region of the tooth surface of the patient.

A special observation image is obtained by performing an image pickup of an object to be observed illuminated with special light. Bs-image signals of the special observation image are assigned to brightness signals Y to generate a first observation image for display. Gs-image signals of the special observation image are assigned to brightness signals Y to generate a second observation image for display. The first observation image for display and the second observation image for display are automatically switched and displayed on a monitor.