A method of operating a robotically controlled surgical instrument that includes an end effector, a driving assembly, and a lockout, the method includes inhibiting actuation of the driving assembly when the lockout is in a locked configuration in response to an unspent staple cartridge being absent from a first jaw of the end effector. The method also includes inserting the unspent staple cartridge into the first jaw of the end effector to switch the lockout to an unlocked configuration. The method also includes actuating the driving assembly to pivot the first jaw, which includes the staple cartridge, toward a second jaw of the end effector to at least one of staple or cut tissue with the end effector when the lockout is in the unlocked configuration.

A system for removing an occlusive clot from a blood vessel comprises a catheter and an apparatus for generating a pulsatile vacuum force to pulse the pressure gradient at a distal end of the catheter. The pulse generator may be integral with or separate from the vacuum pump. The pulse generator may be applied to a flexible tubing between the vacuum pump and the proximal end of the catheter.

Embodiments relate to circuitry to provide amplitude modulated waveforms in electrosurgical devices. The circuitry can be included in an electrosurgical generator device to provide the amplitude modulated waveforms to an electrosurgical probe coupled with the electrosurgical generator device.

Retrieval of material from vessel lumens can be improved by electrically enhancing attachment of the material to the thrombectomy system. The system can include a catheter having a distal portion configured to be positioned adjacent to a thrombus in a blood vessel, an electrode disposed at the distal portion of the catheter, and an interventional element configured to be delivered through a lumen of the catheter. The electrode and the interventional element are each configured to be electrically coupled to an extracorporeal current generator. Delivery of current to the interventional element can be gradually ramped up during initialization to improve patient comfort and safety.

Devices, systems, and methods for removing obstructions from body lumens are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a system for removing a thrombus includes an interventional element configured to be disposed proximate to or adjacent to a thrombus within a blood vessel. The system can include a signal generator in electrical communication with the interventional element. The signal generator can be configured to deliver an electrical signal to the interventional element. The electrical signal can include a waveform having a positive phase having a peak positive current and a first duration, and a negative phase having a peak negative current and a second duration. A magnitude of the peak positive current can be greater than a magnitude of the peak negative current, and the first duration can be greater than the second duration.

The present invention relates to a powered surgical tool that selectively rotates a tool head (effector) to effect tissue modification during a surgical procedure, and allows for use also as a fastener driver by a simple change of end effectors and shifting a drive selector.

A system for removing occlusive clot from a blood vessel comprises a catheter and an apparatus for generating a pulsatile vacuum force to pulse the pressure gradient at a distal end of the catheter. The pulse generator may be integral with or separate from the vacuum pump. The pulse generator may be applied to a flexible tubing between the vacuum pump and the proximal end of the catheter.

Methods and systems for tuning lithotripsy frequency to target size are disclosed. In one embodiment, a lithotripsy system for comminuting a stone in a body includes: a burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) therapy transducer configured to transmit smooth ultrasound waves within a burst of ultrasound waves toward the stone; and a controller configured to determine operating frequency of the ultrasound waves of the therapy transducer. The operating frequency of the ultrasound waves is determined as:

[00001]$f=\mathrm{Const}.\frac{c}{d}$ where: d is a diameter of the stone, f is the frequency of the ultrasound waves, c is a wave speed in the stone, and Const. is a predetermined constant.

A release apparatus (100), a release system, a release method, and a treatment apparatus are disclosed. The release apparatus (100) uses two indicators, electric current and power comsuption, to determine whether the release process performed by the release system is successful. This reduces misjudgments, improves the accuracy of the determination of the release state. The release system also uses a self-loop structure, such that it is unnecessary to insert a conductive needle or electrode into the body of a patient, reducing the suffering of the patient.

An electrosurgical instrument has a power supply operatively coupled to an end effector. The end effector has a pair of jaws for effectuating an action on tissue positioned therebetween. The power supply is configured to input a first signal and a second signal to a buck-boost converter. The buck-boost converter is configured to transmit an output to an H-bridge circuit. The H-bridge circuit is configured to pass a signal to a resonant LC transformer circuit. The power supply is configured to transmit a power signal. The pair of jaws are operatively coupled to the power supply to receive the power signal, the power having no more than 80 Volts RMS, and less than 2 Amps RMS. The power is configured to seal the tissue positioned between the pair of jaws in 3 seconds or less.