An electrode system include a flowable and cohesive surface contact element comprising a hydrophilic polymer swollen with an electrolyte fluid, the contact element having a Q′ ratio of at least 5 as defined by the equation $Q^{\prime }=\frac{W_W}{W_G}$
wherein W.sub.G is the dry weight of the hydrophilic polymer and W.sub.W is weight of water in the sample after absorption of the electrolyte fluid comprising water and an electrolyte salt. The surface contact element can consist essentially of the hydrophilic polymer swollen by the electrolyte fluid. Another electrode system includes a contact element including a crosslinked hydrophilic polymer matrix. The contact element has a Q′ ratio of at least 5 as defined by the equation $Q^{\prime }=\frac{W_W}{W_G}.$
The contact elements can also have a Q′ ratio of at least 6, at least 7, at least 10 or even at least 11.

A method of measuring signals from a surface. The method comprises: placing on the surface a flexible sensing device having an array of coated electrodes, wherein at least one electrode of the array is metallic and is at least partially coated by a polymer; and collecting signals from the sensing device.

An electrocardiography device is described that can include a main body, an adjustable cap, and a power switch. The main body can include an electrode of a plurality of electrodes configured to acquire electrical signal from a patient. The adjustable cap can include two electrodes of the plurality of electrodes. The adjustable cap can be rotatable around an axis on the main body to orient the plurality of electrodes on different locations on a body of the patient. The power switch can activate the plurality of electrodes to acquire the electrical signal from the patient. Related apparatuses, systems, methods, techniques and articles are also described.

Wearable devices are provided herein including wearable defibrillators, wearable devices for diagnosing symptoms associated with sleep apnea, and wearable devices for diagnosing symptoms associated with heart failure. The wearable external defibrillators can include a plurality of ECG sensing electrodes and a first defibrillator electrode pad and a second defibrillator electrode pad. The ECG sensing electrodes and the defibrillator electrode pads are configured for long term wear. Methods are also provided for using the wearable external defibrillators to analyze cardiac signals of the wearer and to provide an electrical shock if a treatable arrhythmia is detected. Methods are also disclosed for refurbishing wearable defibrillators. Methods of using wearable devices for diagnosing symptoms associated with sleep apnea and for diagnosing symptoms associated with heart failure are also provided.

A method for determining a region in which the actual concentration is located, in a medium, of a substrate made up of any molecule likely to undergo catalysed oxidation-reduction by a catalyst. The method includes the following steps: taking at least one group of at least two biosensors, each biosensor having a calibration curve of the signal induced by the oxidation-reduction reaction and having identical initial portions of their calibration curves up to a concentration value of the substrate from which the measurement of the signal differ; and when more than one group is present, the biosensors in different groups having different calibration curves without identical initial portions; placing the biosensors in contact with the medium; measuring the signal induced by the oxidation or reduction reaction for each biosensor in the group/groups; comparing all the signal values produced by the biosensors and following the method described in the description.

The invention relates to a measuring probe for epicardial ECG monitoring comprising the measuring element (2) for measuring an electric signal from a heart and the connecting element (3) arranged to output the measured heart signal, the measuring element (2) being electrically connected with the connecting element (3). The measuring element (2) and the connecting element (3) are layered elements. The invention relates also to a measuring system for epicardial ECG monitoring comprising the probe (1) connected by the signal cable (5) with a display device.

A system for achieving optimal sensor placement and enhanced signal quality for monitoring maternal and fetal activities is disclosed. The system includes a monitoring device and a computing unit. The monitoring device is configured for monitoring maternal and fetal activities and providing guidance to the user via the computing unit upon detecting a feature of interest. The monitoring device includes a plurality of sensors, a data acquisition and transmission unit, one or more reference electrodes, and a ground electrode. Based on personal data acquired using the computing unit, the system utilizes a statistical or machine learning model which incorporates one or more subsets of the personal data to determine the optimal sensor placement close to the fetal heart position. Following sensor placement, the monitoring device performs a signal quality assessment and selects the optimal sensors to ensure reliable information on maternal and fetal activities is obtained.

A hydrogel 1 having a laminate structure of layer A 10 and layer B 20, wherein layer A 10 contains a monomer-derived component, water, a humectant, a water-insoluble polymer having tackiness and an amphiphilic polymer, the water-insoluble polymer is contained in a proportion of 3 to 20 wt % based on a total amount of layer A, and the amphiphilic polymer is a polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 50 to 75% and is contained in a proportion of 0.05 to 5 wt % based on the total amount of layer A; layer B 20 contains a monomer-derived component, water and a humectant and is substantially free of a water-insoluble polymer having tackiness and a polyvinyl alcohol; and an amount of the water based on a total amount of layer B is the amount of water based on the total amount of layer A±10 wt %.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a biological electrode capable of simply manufacturing a biological electrode in which an increase in resistance value over time due to strain is suppressed. The method for manufacturing a biological electrode includes a step of adding fumed silica to an aggregated silver powder to obtain a mixed silver powder and a step of forming a conductive rubber body containing a silicone rubber and the mixed silver powder.

In accordance with some non-limiting examples of the disclosed subject matter, an ingestible system configured to acquire physiological information from an interior of a subject is provided, comprising a substrate and at least one physiological sensor. The at least one “physiological sensor can be coupled to the substrate and configured to capture physiological data from at least one of an internal area or an orientation in a digestive tract of the subject. The system can include a controller coupled to the substrate and configured to receive the physiological data and prepare the physiological data for one of transmission from the subject or analysis of the physiological data. The substrate, including the at least one physiological sensor and the controller coupled thereto can be configured to self-orient within the digestive tract of the subject, during ingestion of the system by the subject.