A system and method for depth-resolved imaging of fluorophore concentrations in tissue uses a pulsed light source stimulus wavelength to illuminate the tissue; and a time-gated electronic camera such as a single-photon avalanche detector camera to observe the tissue in multiple time windows after start of each light pulse. A filter-changer or tunable filter is between the tissue and the electronic camera with fluorescent imaging settings and a stimulus wavelength setting, and an image processor receives reflectance images and fluorescent emissions images from the time-gated camera and processes these images into depth and quantity resolved images of fluorophore concentrations in the tissue.

The present invention relates to a non-invasive blood glucose measuring apparatus, for measuring the glucose level in an object of measurement, comprising: (a) an irradiation source, for irradiating a narrow-band wavelength light into said object of measurement containing a blood vessel; (b) an optical detector, for collecting and processing some of the light, irradiated by said irradiating source, which is back-scattered from the object of measurement, (c) sampling means, for sampling said orthogonally polarized beams, provided by said detector-amplifiers, for converting the data of said orthogonally polarized beams into digital codes; and (d) a computing unit, wherein said computing unit comprises an adaptive filter for enhancing the cardiac pulse pulsatile waveform, and wherein said computing unit computes the glucose level, in said object of measurement, by averaging of said sampled codes.

A noninvasive physiological sensor can include a first body portion and a second body portion coupled to each other and configured to at least partially enclose a user's finger. The sensor can further include a first probe coupled to one or more emitters and a second probe coupled to a detector. The first probe can direct light emitted from the one or more emitters toward tissue of the user's finger and the second probe can direct light attenuated through the tissue to the detector. The first and second probes can be coupled to the first and second body portions such that when the first and second body portions are rotated with respect to one another, ends of the first and second probes can be moved in a direction towards one another to compress the tissue of the user's finger.

The invention refers to a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), the photonic integrated circuit comprising: at least one laser, the laser having a laser output, a measuring portion including a measuring port and configured to measure an intensity and/or wavelength of light input at the measuring port, and an output portion configured to output light from the photonic integrated circuit to the portion of the tissue, wherein optionally the laser includes a ring resonator laser, a laser generating light having a fixed wavelength, a laser being constructed using hybrid integration, and/or a tunable laser.

An optical transmitter includes a light source and an adjustment structure. The light source is configured to output an original light spot, to transmit a test optical signal to a skin of a user. The adjustment structure is located on an output optical path of the test optical signal. A test optical signal transmitted from an original light spot center of the original light spot is a central light spot optical signal, and the adjustment structure is configured to scatter the central light spot optical signal in a direction away from the original light spot center, to convert the original light spot

A method for a wearable device to determine a biological parameter of a tissue of a person. To apply an emitting of a first and a second wavelength of light towards the tissue. To collect and sense a first and a second set of frequency bands from the signals received back from the first and the second wavelengths respectively. The first set of frequency bands represents a first signal which corresponds to a combination of the biological parameter and an extraneous noise. The second set of frequency bands represents a second signal mainly comprising the extraneous noise. To subtract the first set of frequency bands from the second set of frequency bands in the frequency domain to obtain a third set of frequency bands. The third set of frequency bands represents a third signal corresponding to the biological parameter.

The invention comprises a method for noninvasively determining a sample property, comprising controlling photon generation from a source and analyzing signal from a set of detectors; irradiating an illumination zone of skin with the photons; and detecting diffusely reflected photons from the skin, the set of detectors respectively optically coupled to a set of detection zones of the skin positioned along a spiral path between a first and second radial distance from the illumination zone, where a first detection zone of a first detector of the set of detectors extends radially outward from the illumination zone to at least an inward radial distance, from the illumination zone, of a second detection zone of a second detector of the set of detectors, where at least one detection zone of the set of detection zones has a central radial distance from the illumination zone between the first and second radial distances.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for sampling skin of a person as a part of noninvasive analyte property determination system, comprising the steps of: providing an analyzer, comprising: sources and at least three detectors at least partially embedded in a probe housing, the probe housing comprising a sample side surface, the detectors including: a range of differing radial distances from a first illumination zone; repetitively illuminating an illumination zone of the skin with photons in a range of 1200 to 2500 nm; detecting portions of the first photons with the at least three detectors; and using signals from the at least three detectors and a metric, respectively classifying the skin into a first, second, and third tissue state, the radial distances of the at least three detectors differing from each other by greater than ten percent.

A device includes source and detector sensors. In a specific implementation, the device has two near detectors, two far detectors, and two sources. The two near detectors are arranged closer to the two sources than the two far detectors. A light-diffusing layer covers the two near detectors. The device may be part of a medical device that is used to monitor or measure oxygen saturation levels in a tissue. In a specific implementation, light is transmitted into the tissue and received by the detectors. An attenuation coefficient is first calculated for a shallow layer of tissue. The attenuation coefficient is then used to calculate an attenuation coefficient for a deep layer of tissue.

Disclosed is an optical probe of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical probe of the OCT system includes: an optical fiber receiving light generated from a light source and transferring the received light to a plurality of lenses and receiving light reflected from tissue from the plurality of lenses and transferring the received light to an optical coherence system; a plurality of lenses including a first lens positioned at a distal end of the optical fiber and a second lens positioned at a predetermined point in a longitudinal direction of the optical fiber; and a sheath capable of accommodating the optical fiber therein.