The present disclosure describes clinical workflows, methods, and systems used to perform an indirect to direct subjective refraction to a patient with a mobile smartphone application that works as a encrypted remote administration tool in any portable electronic device and interconnect both systems via by 4G, 5G, 6G, or Wifi. According to various embodiments, an eye doctor may utilize a remote administration tool (RAT) or (RAS) remote access software application on a portable electronic device (PED) (smartphone, tablet, or laptop) to view and control the main control base (MCB) anywhere in the world to interconnect both systems. The eye doctor can perform an on-demand live subjective vision refraction via RAT technology. Furthermore, the eye doctor can control the (MCB) that can control, exam chair, digital phoropter, vision chart software, robotic phoropter arm, exam chair height, exam room lights, and near robotic chart arm anywhere in the world.

A portable apparatus for determining refractive error in the human eye comprises an elongate base rail having a left side base rail portion and a right side base rail portion; a first lens carrier housing mounted on the left side base rail portion, a first lens carrier carrying a plurality of corrective lenses and being substantially housed within the first lens carrier housing so as to expose a corrective lens of the first lens carrier in a test position of the first lens carrier housing; a second lens carrier housing mounted on the right side base rail portion, a second lens carrier carrying a plurality of corrective lenses and being substantially housed within the second lens carrier housing so as to expose a corrective lens of the second lens carrier in a test position of the second lens carrier housing; a first user operable control adapted for moving the first lens carrier relative to the first lens carrier housing and a second user operable control adapted to move the second lens carrier relative to the second lens carrier housing, whereby the first user operable control and the second user operable control are each movable to select a corrective lens to be exposed in the test position of the respective carrier housing. and wherein the portable apparatus includes at least one of (a) the base rail is adapted to be foldable at a middle portion thereof and (b) one of the first lens carrier housing and the second lens carrier housing is detachable from the respective left side base rail portion or right side base rail portion.

An instrument includes a housing with a lower hand-held portion having a user-input button and a display for displaying an MPOD score for the user. The instrument further includes a viewing tube coupled to the hand-held portion. The viewing tube terminates in an eye cup. The viewing tube is transverse to the lower hand-held portion and transmits light from a light source in a direction toward the macula. The light source is an LED and provides two colored lights alternating at an initial frequency that is not perceptible by the user. The frequency decreases from the initial frequency until the user activates the user-input button in response to a frequency at which the user perceives a flicker of the two colored lights. The frequency at the perceived flicker relates to the MPOD score of the user. The MPOD score correlates to the amount of macular pigment.

Described is a system that provides a vision test that may be implemented on various types of devices including a personal device such as a smartphone. The system may track potential vision abnormalities across an extended period of time by utilizing a comparison algorithm to compare results of vision tests to automatically determine whether the vision abnormality such as macular degeneration has progressed for a patient. Accordingly, the system provides an effective tool that may be deployed across a large portion of the population to provide early detection of potential vision loss.

Disclosed is an eye examination apparatus that can be used in professional settings. The eye examination apparatus has a body having a first eye opening and a second eye opening for a user to see into the eye examination apparatus using two eyes. The eye examination apparatus also has a first camera coupled to the body and positioned to acquire ophthalmic images through the first eye opening, and a second camera coupled to the body and positioned to acquire ophthalmic images through the second eye opening. The eye examination apparatus also has at least one display coupled to the body and positioned to be viewable through the first eye opening and the second eye opening.

The invention relates to an arrangement and a software-based application for modifying an internal eye pressure in vivo, having modulating means for modifying the internal eye pressure and sensor means for capturing the internal eye pressure in vivo, and enabling easily operated and quickly reacting changes to the internal eye pressure while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art, proposing that the modulating means are implemented for modifying the internal eye pressure as a function of the internal eye pressure captured by the sensor means.

System for integrally measuring clinical parameters of the visual function including a display unit (20) for representing a scene with a 3D object having variable characteristics such as virtual position and virtual volume of the 3D object within the scene; movement sensors (60) for detecting the user head position and distance from the display unit (20); tracking sensors (10) for detecting the user pupils position and pupillary distance; an interface (30) for the user interaction on the scene; processing means (42,44) for analysing the user response based on the data coming from sensors (60,10) and the interface (30), with the characteristics variations of the 3D object; and based on the estimation of a plurality of clinical parameters of the visual function related to binocularity, accommodation, ocular motility and visual perception.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-implemented method of determining a parameter indicative of dark adaptation of an eye, comprising receiving threshold data from a dark adaptometer indicative of a perception threshold of the eye, fitting first and second models to the threshold data, wherein the first model is associated with a first dark adaptation mechanism and the second model is associated with the first dark adaption mechanism and a second dark adaptation mechanism, determining a confidence associated with the fitting of each of the first and second models to the received threshold data, iteratively repeating the steps of receiving the threshold data and fitting the first and second models in dependence on the determined confidence, and outputting an indication of one or more parameters indicative of dark adaptation of an eye associated with one or both of the first and second models.

The invention relates to an examination device (1), a method for an automated examination of at least one eye (4, 4′) of a person, a computer program product and the various uses of the examination device (1).

A method for determining at least one optical parameter of an eye of a person comprising displaying at least two sharp images on a retina of the eye of the person, the at least two images comprising a target and being carried by two light beams focused substantially in the plane of a pupil of the eye at at least two different positions, adapting a parameter of the target in each image based on feedback of the person relative to the change of the parameter of the target in the image, and determining the at least one optical parameter of the person's eye based on the adaption of the parameter of the target in each image.