A conductive electrode that includes a substrate having first and second opposed main surfaces and a plurality of trenches extending between the first and second opposed main surfaces; and a conductive material within the plurality of trenches and extending between the first and second opposed main surfaces so as to provide an electrically conductive path between the first and second opposed main surfaces.

A conductive electrode that includes a substrate having first and second opposed main surfaces and a plurality of trenches extending between the first and second opposed main surfaces; and a conductive material within the plurality of trenches and extending between the first and second opposed main surfaces so as to provide an electrically conductive path between the first and second opposed main surfaces.

The instant invention is a medical electrode comprising: an electrolyte; an absorbent material being in contact with the electrolyte, said absorbent material comprising a plurality of strands such that each strand is infused with the electrolyte; a pressing means being in contact with the absorbent material, said pressing means comprising a plurality of protrusions to push the strands of the absorbent material through the stratum corneum of a target skin area on a patient; and an electrically conductive means located adjacent to the pressing means, said electrically conductive means being in contact with the absorbent material. The instant medical electrode system achieves reduction of skin impedance at the site where the electrode is placed and generates low baseline noise, enabling accurate measurement of small or weak signals (FIG. 1).

The instant invention is a medical electrode comprising: an electrolyte; an absorbent material being in contact with the electrolyte, said absorbent material comprising a plurality of strands such that each strand is infused with the electrolyte; a pressing means being in contact with the absorbent material, said pressing means comprising a plurality of protrusions to push the strands of the absorbent material through the stratum corneum of a target skin area on a patient; and an electrically conductive means located adjacent to the pressing means, said electrically conductive means being in contact with the absorbent material. The instant medical electrode system achieves reduction of skin impedance at the site where the electrode is placed and generates low baseline noise, enabling accurate measurement of small or weak signals (FIG. 1).

A brush electrode includes an electrode base that is connectable to an external device that is configured to generate an electrical signal or receive an electrical signal. A plurality of strand electrodes extend outward from the electrode base. A distal end of each strand electrode is configured to contact a skin surface. The strand electrodes are configured to hold an electrolyte to facilitate ionic conduction of the electrical signal to or from the skin surface.

A brush electrode includes an electrode base that is connectable to an external device that is configured to generate an electrical signal or receive an electrical signal. A plurality of strand electrodes extend outward from the electrode base. A distal end of each strand electrode is configured to contact a skin surface. The strand electrodes are configured to hold an electrolyte to facilitate ionic conduction of the electrical signal to or from the skin surface.

An electrode is provided for recording electroencephalographic signals and/or for stimulating patients. The electrode includes a patient contact part and a transmission part. A layer of electrolyte material is further provided in contact with the patient's skin and interposed between the patient's skin and the contact part. The contact part and/or the transmission part includes of a soft and/or flexible material.

An electrode is provided for recording electroencephalographic signals and/or for stimulating patients. The electrode includes a patient contact part and a transmission part. A layer of electrolyte material is further provided in contact with the patient's skin and interposed between the patient's skin and the contact part. The contact part and/or the transmission part includes of a soft and/or flexible material.

A bio-electrode composition contains (A) a silicone bonded to an ionic polymer and having a structure containing a T unit shown by the following general formula (T1): (R.sup.0SiO.sub.3/2) (T1), the structure excluding a cage-like structure. In the formula, R.sup.0 represents a linking group to the ionic polymer. The ionic polymer is a polymer containing a repeating unit having a structure selected from the group consisting of salts of ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and silver formed with any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide. Thus, the present invention provides a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode which is excellent in electric conductivity, biocompatibility, stretchability, and adhesion, soft, light-weight, and manufacturable at low cost, and which prevents significant reduction in the electric conductivity even when wetted with water or dried.

An apparatus and method of manufacturing same is provided. The apparatus comprises a base layer integrated with an article; an electrode mounted adjacent to a conductive layer, both the electrode and conductive layer mounted on the base layer; an active electrode board in electrical communication with the conductive layer and the electrode, the active electrode board configured receive and/or send electrical signals from the electrode. The electrode comprises filaments or filament yarn knitted into a textile. The filaments or filament yarn comprise thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) blended with one or multiple conductive filler/s for improving impedance at the skin-electrode interface.