A dilation introducer for orthopedic surgery is provided for minimally invasive access for insertion of an intervertebral implant. The dilation introducer may be used to provide an access position through Kambin's triangle from a posterolateral approach. A first dilator tube with a first longitudinal axis is provided. A second dilator tube may be introduced over the first, advanced along a second longitudinal axis parallel to but offset from the first. A third dilator tube may be introduced over the second, advanced along a third longitudinal axis parallel to but offset from both the first and the second. An access cannula may be introduced over the third dilator tube. With the first, second, and third dilator tubes removed, surgical instruments may pass through the access cannula to operate on an intervertebral disc and/or insert an intervertebral implant.

In an embodiment, a sinus treatment apparatus includes a current generation circuit and first and second electrodes operatively coupled to the current generation circuit. The first electrode is configured to apply electric current to a treatment location on a skin surface of the user superjacent to a targeted anatomical structure coupled to the user's sinus. The second electrode is configured to provide a current return path to the current generation circuit from a second location on the surface of the user medial to the user's hand. In an embodiment, a method of using the sinus treatment apparatus includes receiving a return current through the user's body from a location other than the user's palm.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for locating and identifying nerves innervating the wall of arteries such as the renal artery. The present invention identifies areas on vessel walls that are innervated with nerves; provides indication on whether energy is delivered accurately to a targeted nerve; and provides immediate post-procedural assessment of the effect of energy delivered to the nerve. The methods includes evaluating a change in physiological parameters after energy is delivered to an arterial wall; and determining the type of nerve that the energy was directed to (sympathetic or parasympathetic or none) based on the evaluated results. The system includes at least a device for delivering energy to the wall of blood vessel; sensors for detecting physiological signals from a subject; and indicators to display results obtained using said method. Also provided are catheters for performing the mapping and ablating functions.

A system and related methods for performing nerve detection during surgical access using ultrasound testing during surgery.

The present application relates to a cannula, comprising a cannula body with a cannula tube and a body part attached to the proximal end of the cannula tube, a control clip having a mounting body with at least one control element, said control clip being attachable laterally on the body part to form a first configuration. In addition, the present applications relates to a cannula body, a contact clip and a control clip of a cannula.

Systems, methods, and devices for laser scanning in a light deficient environment. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller comprising a processor in electrical communication with the image sensor and the emitter, wherein the controller synchronizes timing of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation during a blanking period of the image sensor. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises a laser scanning pattern.

A system and method for delivering a medicament including a catheter configured for implantation in different target tissue sites, extending from a proximal end to a distal end, and having a sidewall which defines an internal lumen. The distal end has one or more apertures in the sidewall for the release of the medicament into the target tissue site; the system also comprises a medicament reservoir fluidly communicable with the internal lumen of each catheter, an adhesive member configured to adhere to the skin of the patient around the exit wound and having an opening therein to allow the catheters to pass through the adhesive member and a retaining member configured to be overlaid on the adhesive member and comprising a guide surface configured to receive a length of the two or more catheters and a plurality of retaining portions to retain the catheters against the guide surface.

A method for determining if a tissue is ganglionic is provided. The method comprises a) generating at least one hyperspectral Raman image of a tissue from a region of interest in a tissue suspected to contain ganglion cells that was optionally identified by a method comprising autofluorescence (AF) and Second Harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of the tissue; and b) analyzing any of the images for one or more of the following: i) optical excitation; ii) chemical information or emission spectra; or iii) AF, SHG, and/or Raman signatures, wherein the analysis provides indicators that the region of interest is either ganglionic or non-ganglionic. A system for analysis of in vivo tissue or ex vivo tissue samples including a multiphoton autofluorescence microscope, a Second Harmonic Generation microscope, and a hyperspectral Raman microscope in operative communication is also provided.

In one aspect, there is provided a method performed by one or more data processing apparatus, the method including obtaining a baseline image of a baseline biological organism brain, obtaining a follow-up image of a target biological organism brain, wherein the follow-up image shows at least a damaged region of the target biological organism brain, processing the baseline image and the follow-up image to generate data defining a predicted anatomical microstructure of the damaged region of the target biological organism brain before the target biological organism brain was damaged, and generating a design for a neural prosthesis for replacing the damaged region of the target biological organism brain based on the predicted anatomical microstructure of the damaged region of the target biological organism brain before the target biological organism brain was damaged.

Image rotation in an endoscopic hyperspectral, fluorescence, and/or laser mapping imaging system is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a rotation sensor for detecting an angle of rotation of a lumen relative to a handpiece of an endoscope. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of a hyperspectral emission, a fluorescence emission, and/or a laser mapping pattern.