The disclosure provides methods of managing opioid therapy, particularly, for pain management. The methods comprise determining in a subject, for example, a subject who has received an opioid treatment, pupillary unrest in ambient light (PUAL). Low values of PUAL can be used to identify patients at risk for opioid side-effects, such as opioid-related respiratory depression (OIRD), and who warrant attention to prevent such side effects. Accordingly, the methods include monitoring the patients having low values of PUAL for signs of adverse side-effects and/or limiting or avoiding administration of opioids.

A sheet-shaped oral appliance is provided that is detachably attached to an oral body device and includes a functional portion with a sensor unit that acquires information in an oral cavity and an energy irradiation unit that radiates energy into the oral cavity, an electrical connection portion, and a wiring portion that connects at least one of the sensor unit and the energy irradiation unit to the electrical connection portion. The functional portion, the connection portion, and the wiring portion are formed by a wiring layer having first and second main surfaces that oppose each other, a first insulating layer arranged on the first main surface and a second insulating layer arranged on the second main surface. Moreover, in the functional portion, a thickness of the first insulating layer is smaller than a thickness of the second insulating layer.

A vital sign detection device controls directivities of radio waves A and B toward an irradiation region of a subject to determine the vital signs of the subject. The first directivity is where the vital signs easily appear and the second directivity is where the vital signs are less likely to appear. Noise is reduced by taking a difference between information about a distance to the subject calculated on the basis of the radio wave A having the first directivity and information about a distance to the subject calculated on the basis of the radio wave B having the second directivity received by the receiver.

A non-invasive detection method and device, and a wearable apparatus for tissue element are provided. The method includes: acquiring, for a detected site of a detected object, a second light intensity measurement value for each predetermined wavelength of at least one predetermined wavelength at a measurement distance, and/or a second light intensity reference value for each predetermined wavelength of at least one predetermined wavelength at a reference distance, wherein the measurement distance is a source-detection distance corresponding to the first light intensity measurement value, and the reference distance is a source-detection distance corresponding to the first light intensity reference value; and determining a concentration of a tissue element to be detected according to the second light intensity measurement value of each predetermined wavelength and/or the second light intensity reference value for each predetermined wavelength.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a method for detecting a wearable device, and the wearable device, where the method includes: detecting a value of a distance between the wearable device and a user; determining whether the value of the distance between the wearable device and the user exceeds a preset distance threshold; if the value of the distance between the wearable device and the user does not exceed the preset distance threshold, detecting a body feature value of the user within a preset time period; and if the body feature value of the user does not exceed a preset threshold range of the body feature value of the user, determining that the user has worn the wearable device.

An apparatus is suitable for measuring a photoplethysmogram (PPG). A photoplethysmographic sensor apparatus may include a casing defining a surface, a plurality of optical emitters configured to emit radiation extending from the surface, at least one photo sensor configured to capture radiation emitted by at least a subset of the plurality of optical emitters. At least a first measurement configuration and a second configuration is defined by the plurality of optical emitters and the at least one photo sensor such that the first and the second measurement configuration provide different measurement channels by including at least partially different sets of at least one optical emitter and at least one photo sensor. The first and second measurement configurations define different spatial configurations, each of which is line symmetric with respect to an imaginary line along the surface.

Algorithms for detecting whether a device is properly secured to a user's skin are described. The operation of a device, such as a wearable device, can be adjusted based on whether the device is properly secured to a user's skin (e.g., on-wrist) or not properly secured to the user's skin (e.g., off-wrist). For example, certain functions can be disabled for power-saving, security or other purposes if the device is off-wrist. In order to avoid falsely identifying the device as off-wrist or on-wrist, algorithms for detecting whether the device is on-wrist or off-wrist can calculate one or more variances based on signals measured by a light sensor and compare the one or more variances with one or more thresholds. Comparing the one or more variances to the one or more threshold can improve the accuracy of wrist-detection algorithms.

A movement tracking device that includes a housing, a rotatable spool secured within the housing, a rotary sensor in operable communication with the spool, and a conductive wire configured to be repeatedly unspooled from and respooled onto the rotatable spool. The conductive wire has a distal end extendable from the housing. The movement tracking device also includes a plurality of resonators and a processor in communication with the plurality of resonators and the rotary sensor. The plurality of resonators are disposed in or on the housing and positioned about the conductive wire. Each of the plurality of resonators is configured to create one or more magnetic fields through which the conductive wire extends. The processor is configured to receive information from the plurality of resonators and the rotary sensor and determine a position of the conductive wire.

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for use of wearable electrode assemblies. The electrode assemblies improve comfort by providing increased overall surface area of their bottom surfaces, which make contact with the patient's scalp and hair. Collapse, compression, or telescoping of the bottom surface will thereby decrease the direct force and/or pressure applied by the distal member or members of the bottom surfaces to the skin. This may be advantageous in patients who have little to no hair in electrode contact areas, patient populations that are particularly skin-sensitive, and/or patients which must wear the electrode assemblies of an extended time period. The electrode assemblies further include structures to dispense and/or maintain conductive gel placed over the patient's skin, thereby maintaining electrical connection quality, and/or to facilitate the clearing of skin and/or hair prior to establishing an electrical connection.

A system for measuring haemodynamic parameters relating to a subject, the system comprising a DRS probe, a microscope probe, and a cap for use at a respective distal end of each of the probes, one at a time. The cap comprises a rigid flat contact surface for contact with a body surface of a subject, the contact surface comprising an aperture arranged such that, in use, the aperture is optically aligned with the optical probe. A rigid side wall surrounds the contact surface, defining a closed end and an open end, the closed end being formed by the contact surface. The open end is arranged to receive the probe in use. The side wall is arranged such that, in use, the cap is held in abutment against the probe. A securing portion is arranged to removably secure the cap to the probe.