Various systems, devices, NO.sub.2 absorbents, NO.sub.2 scavengers and NO.sub.2 recuperator for generating nitric oxide are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, an apparatus for converting nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide can include a receptacle including an inlet, an outlet, a surface-active material coated with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid and an absorbent wherein the inlet is configured to receive a gas flow and fluidly communicate the gas flow to the outlet through the surface-active material and the absorbent such that nitrogen dioxide in the gas flow is converted to nitric oxide.

Disclosed are instruments and methods for acquiring co-registered orthogonal fluorescence and photoacoustic volumetric projections of an interrogated object. In an embodiment, an instrument includes a rotary mechanism configured to rotate an interrogated object relative to an array of photoacoustic transducers and an optical detector. An optical excitation unit is configured to irradiate the interrogated object with pulses of light, inducing both fluorescence and photoacoustic responses inside the interrogated object at each of a plurality of rotational positions. The array of photoacoustic transducers includes unfocused elements arranged in a pattern along an axis of rotation, the elements configured to detect photoacoustic signals generated inside the volume of the interrogated object. The optical detector is arranged opposite to the array of photoacoustic transducers with respect to the axis of rotation and is configured to register sources of fluorescence excited inside the interrogated object. Each of the optical excitation axes form with each of the optical detection axes, and with each of the photoacoustic detection axes, angles that are between 60° and 90° so as to enable acquisition of co-registered orthogonal fluorescence and photoacoustic volumetric projections of the interrogated object.

Disclosed are instruments and methods for acquiring co-registered orthogonal fluorescence and photoacoustic volumetric projections of an interrogated object. In an embodiment, an instrument includes a rotary mechanism configured to rotate an interrogated object relative to an array of photoacoustic transducers and an optical detector. An optical excitation unit is configured to irradiate the interrogated object with pulses of light, inducing both fluorescence and photoacoustic responses inside the interrogated object at each of a plurality of rotational positions. The array of photoacoustic transducers includes unfocused elements arranged in a pattern along an axis of rotation, the elements configured to detect photoacoustic signals generated inside the volume of the interrogated object. The optical detector is arranged opposite to the array of photoacoustic transducers with respect to the axis of rotation and is configured to register sources of fluorescence excited inside the interrogated object. Each of the optical excitation axes form with each of the optical detection axes, and with each of the photoacoustic detection axes, angles that are between 60° and 90° so as to enable acquisition of co-registered orthogonal fluorescence and photoacoustic volumetric projections of the interrogated object.

Provided is an experimental animal restrainer applicable to various drug administration methods, as an experimental animal restrainer that can be used for intrathecal administration, intravenous administration and intratracheal administration only by replacing some components. There is an advantage of being used to administer drug substances to experimental animals by various methods only through the experimental animal restrainer even without using the experimental animal restrainer applicable only to each administration method.

Provided is an experimental animal restrainer applicable to various drug administration methods, as an experimental animal restrainer that can be used for intrathecal administration, intravenous administration and intratracheal administration only by replacing some components. There is an advantage of being used to administer drug substances to experimental animals by various methods only through the experimental animal restrainer even without using the experimental animal restrainer applicable only to each administration method.

A container for holding, dispensing and/or storing a preferably liquid medicament preparation is proposed, which comprises an inner space for the medicament preparation and an at least partially multi-layered wall structure defining the inner space, the wall structure comprising a first layer with a first through-opening of less than 40 μm. Alternatively or additionally, the wall structure comprises a second and third layer, a second through-opening being provided in the second layer and the third layer covering or closing off the wall structure.

The present invention relates to an inhalation toxicity testing chamber device for nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations. The present invention provides an inhalation toxicity testing chamber device for nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations, which: can supply nanoparticles having different concentrations to particle exposure modules by stacking a plurality of particle exposure modules inside a single chamber housing and by allowing each particle exposure module so as to form an independent space from each other; can perform inhalation toxicity testing of nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations through a single chamber housing by being capable of exposing the test animals put into each particle exposure module to nanoparticles having different concentrations; can easily perform inhalation toxicity tests of nanoparticles in a small scale laboratory etc. by improving the overall space efficiency as well as reducing the test cost; and can easily perform more diverse and accurate inhalation toxicity tests on nanoparticles by selectively allowing a plurality of particle exposure modules to be in communication with each other or to be formed as an independent space, according to a user's needs, thereby variably applying the space of the particle exposure module without changing the arrangement of the particle exposure module.

The present invention relates to an inhalation toxicity testing chamber device for nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations. The present invention provides an inhalation toxicity testing chamber device for nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations, which: can supply nanoparticles having different concentrations to particle exposure modules by stacking a plurality of particle exposure modules inside a single chamber housing and by allowing each particle exposure module so as to form an independent space from each other; can perform inhalation toxicity testing of nanoparticles having a plurality of concentrations through a single chamber housing by being capable of exposing the test animals put into each particle exposure module to nanoparticles having different concentrations; can easily perform inhalation toxicity tests of nanoparticles in a small scale laboratory etc. by improving the overall space efficiency as well as reducing the test cost; and can easily perform more diverse and accurate inhalation toxicity tests on nanoparticles by selectively allowing a plurality of particle exposure modules to be in communication with each other or to be formed as an independent space, according to a user's needs, thereby variably applying the space of the particle exposure module without changing the arrangement of the particle exposure module.

An anesthesia device configured to measure the hydrogen concentration in an anesthesia gas containing a hydrogen gas includes: an anesthesia gas preparation circuit configured to generate anesthesia gas by mixing an air or an oxygen mixture air with a vaporized anesthetic; a closed circuit-type or semi-closed circuit-type respiratory circuit including a gas circulation passage configured to circulate the hydrogen-containing anesthesia gas containing the hydrogen gas and the vaporized anesthetic; and a hydrogen concentration measurement circuit configured to measure the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen-containing anesthesia gas in the gas circulation passage, wherein the hydrogen concentration measurement circuit includes: an anesthetic removing member having a removability of the vaporized anesthetic in the hydrogen-containing anesthesia gas; and a hydrogen concentration measuring instrument provided on the secondary side of the anesthetic removing member.

Systems and method for optical imaging of an animal include a body conforming animal mold, which is shaped and sized to hold an animal in an immobilized and geometrically defined position and a gantry, which can include multiple optical mirrors to provide for simultaneous imaging of multiple different views of an animal within a body conforming animal mold.